APUSH Unit 4 (1800-1848) Actual Exam Questions
& Correct, Certified Solutions / 2025.
Terms in this set (98)
Federalists Alexander Hamilton. Pro-British. Strong federal government.
Loose interpretation of the constitution.
Upperclass, merchants, bankers. Industrialists
Jeffersonians. Thomas Jefferson. Pro-French. State Democratic-RepublicansRights.
Strict interpretation of the constitution.
Lower/middle classes, farmers.
Agrarian/farmers.
Election of 1800 John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson. Federalists feared
(revolution of 1800) Jefferson would give power back to the states, dismantle
the army, overturn Hamilton's financial plans. Republicans
thought that the federalists would create a large standing
army, impose heavy taxes, use federal troops/courts to
suppress dissent, centralize power in the federal
government and involve the US in the European war on the
side of Britain. Thomas Jefferson--> change from federalists
to democratic-republicans. Elites--> commoners.
Era of Good Feeling 1817-1823. Disappearance of federalists which allowed
Democratic-Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly
nonpartisan harmony.
Democrats Andrew Jackson. The "common man." Against the BUS
(bank of the united states) and "elite" organizations
Henry Clay. Anti-Jackson. Strong federal government.
Whig Party
For internal improvements and BUS.
Midnight Judges 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 under
John Adams (2nd President). It would allow Federalists to
maintain power in the nation after they were a minority in
congress.
, John Marshall Appointed by John Adams as Chief Justice in the
Supreme Court. Federalist. Although he dismissed the
Marbury suit to avoid direct political showdown, he said
that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789, on which Marbury
tried to base his appeal, was unconstitutional--judicial
review.
-McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, Gibbons v.
Ogden, Fletcher v. Peck, Dartmouth College v.
Woodward, Barron v. Baltimore
Marbury vs. Madison William Marbury sued for his commission as a judge
(1803) because he had been promised a job by Adams, but
refused by Jefferson. Marshall claimed that the Supreme
OCurt cannot rule on the case and ruled earlier Judiciary
Act of 1789 unconstitutional.
Established judicial review.
Judicial Review Court has the power to determine the constitutionality.
Strengthens the judiciary branch.
McCulloch vs. Maryland The courts ruled that the states cannot tax the federal
(1819) government (Bank of the United States). The federal
government is supreme to the states (supremacy clause).
Confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United
States (elastic clause).
Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) Clarified the commerce clause-- affirmed congressional power
over interstate commerce.
Market Economy Prices are determined through supply and demand, not the
government. Created by Adam Smith.
Watchdog of the Treasury. Using strict controls of the
Albert Gallatin economy, he succeeded in reducing the debt, and
balancing the budget. (1801-1814)
& Correct, Certified Solutions / 2025.
Terms in this set (98)
Federalists Alexander Hamilton. Pro-British. Strong federal government.
Loose interpretation of the constitution.
Upperclass, merchants, bankers. Industrialists
Jeffersonians. Thomas Jefferson. Pro-French. State Democratic-RepublicansRights.
Strict interpretation of the constitution.
Lower/middle classes, farmers.
Agrarian/farmers.
Election of 1800 John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson. Federalists feared
(revolution of 1800) Jefferson would give power back to the states, dismantle
the army, overturn Hamilton's financial plans. Republicans
thought that the federalists would create a large standing
army, impose heavy taxes, use federal troops/courts to
suppress dissent, centralize power in the federal
government and involve the US in the European war on the
side of Britain. Thomas Jefferson--> change from federalists
to democratic-republicans. Elites--> commoners.
Era of Good Feeling 1817-1823. Disappearance of federalists which allowed
Democratic-Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly
nonpartisan harmony.
Democrats Andrew Jackson. The "common man." Against the BUS
(bank of the united states) and "elite" organizations
Henry Clay. Anti-Jackson. Strong federal government.
Whig Party
For internal improvements and BUS.
Midnight Judges 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 under
John Adams (2nd President). It would allow Federalists to
maintain power in the nation after they were a minority in
congress.
, John Marshall Appointed by John Adams as Chief Justice in the
Supreme Court. Federalist. Although he dismissed the
Marbury suit to avoid direct political showdown, he said
that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789, on which Marbury
tried to base his appeal, was unconstitutional--judicial
review.
-McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, Gibbons v.
Ogden, Fletcher v. Peck, Dartmouth College v.
Woodward, Barron v. Baltimore
Marbury vs. Madison William Marbury sued for his commission as a judge
(1803) because he had been promised a job by Adams, but
refused by Jefferson. Marshall claimed that the Supreme
OCurt cannot rule on the case and ruled earlier Judiciary
Act of 1789 unconstitutional.
Established judicial review.
Judicial Review Court has the power to determine the constitutionality.
Strengthens the judiciary branch.
McCulloch vs. Maryland The courts ruled that the states cannot tax the federal
(1819) government (Bank of the United States). The federal
government is supreme to the states (supremacy clause).
Confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United
States (elastic clause).
Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824) Clarified the commerce clause-- affirmed congressional power
over interstate commerce.
Market Economy Prices are determined through supply and demand, not the
government. Created by Adam Smith.
Watchdog of the Treasury. Using strict controls of the
Albert Gallatin economy, he succeeded in reducing the debt, and
balancing the budget. (1801-1814)
