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Hildegard Paplau - ANSWER Theory of Interpersonal Relations. Recognizing persons innate
capacitor for self healing and growth. Wrote of listening, clarifying, accepting and interpreting.
Nursing, person, health, and environment and to understand nurse- patient interactive
phenomena. Free of agenda. RN to have self knowing.
Dorothea Orem - ANSWER Self Care Deficit Nursing Theory. 1953. Health as a state of
wholeness. Role of client/nurse being instrumental in supporting a process of change. Self
Reliant; Nursing is required when individual is unable to provide continuous and effective care.
Patricia Benner - ANSWER 1985. Novice to expert theory. Used term "nurse coach" early on.
Joint decision making. Nurse coaches using inner resources and inner wisdom. WIR: Wisdom,
Intuition, & Resourcefulness.
Schenk - ANSWER Nurse coach as healthcare resource for millennium.
Jean Watson - ANSWER Theory of Human Science & Human Care. CCEP (Caring Science Caritas
Coaching Education Program). Focuses on intelligent heart centered approach. Relationship
between 2 beings. Moving towards a higher sense if self and harmony. 1. moral commitment to
human dignity. 2. nurse's intent and will to affirm subjective significance. 3. nurse's ability to
detect feelings. 4. nurse's ability to feel a union with another. 5. nurse's own history. Primal
energetic forces.
McNally & Cunningham - ANSWER Developed coaching model.
Bark - ANSWER Developed integral model of coaching based on structures of consciousness and
integral theory.
,Schaub - ANSWER Developed INCCP (Integrative Nurse Coach Certificate Program).
Five Core Values for Nurse Coach - ANSWER 1. Nurse coach philosophy, theories, ethics. 2.
Nurse coaching process. 3. Nurse Coach Communication, Coaching Environment 4. Nurse Coach
education, research, leadership 5. Nurse coach self developing (self reflection, self assessment,
self evaluation, self care)
Martha Rogers - ANSWER Theory of Science of Unitary Beings. Client-centered; unconditional
positive regard; transactional analysis; whole beings; ever evolving energy fields; look forward
and what life might be; Art + Science=Nursing;
Sister Callista Roy - ANSWER Adaptation Model; individuals as a set of interrelated, biological,
psychological, and social systems; balance and cope; 1. Physiological-physical system, 2. self
concept group identity system, 3. role mastery/function system, 4. interdependency system.
Dignity of dying. Nurses role is to promote system stability by using the 3 levels of prevention.
Betty Neumann's - ANSWER Neumann's Systems Model (NSM); replaced word patient with
client; holistic being; clients relationship with STRESS; Energy resources. Primary, secondary, and
tertiary prevention. Lines of defense.
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse - ANSWER Theory of Human Becoming; Person can only be viewed as a
unity. Nursing as a scientific discipline and practice as an art to serve as guides. Health is a
process of becoming. Presence as critically important intervention. Environment is the universe.
3 themes. Quality of life. Based on own perspective.
Elisabeth Barrett - ANSWER Knowing Participation in Change Theory. Power as knowing. Being
aware of what one is choosing to do. A person's or groups Power Profile (not static). Power is
inherently value free.
, Helen Erickson - ANSWER Theory of Modeling and Role Modeling. 5 aims: 1. Build trust. 2.
Promote positive orientation. 3. Promote perceived control. 4. Promote strength. 5. Set mutual
goals that are healthy oriented. Demands interpersonal and interactive relationship. Interacting
subsystems with inherent generic best and spiritual drive. Whole is greater than the sum of it's
parts.
Margaret Newman - ANSWER Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory. Pattern of person's
environment. Consciousness is everywhere. A person is consciousness. No basis for rejecting
any experience as irrelevant. Varying degrees of organization and disorganization. Both will
grow and become healthier in the sense of higher levels of consciousness.
Barbara Dossey - ANSWER Theory of Integral Nursing. 4 perspectives. 1. individual interior. 2.
individual exterior. 3. collective interior. 4. collective exterior. Healing is core concept. "the
innate natural phenomenon that comes from within a person and describes the indivisible
wholeness and the interconnectedness of all people and all things.";
Transtheoretical Model of Change - ANSWER precontemplation, contemplation, preparation,
action, maintenance. Prochaska.
Sense of Coherence Theory - ANSWER Salutogenesis. Antonovsky. What makes a person move
towards health. Sense that internal and external environments are predictable and can be
explained. 3 components: comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. This
influences the motivation to engage in self management.
Complexity Science - ANSWER Knowledge and understanding that transcend linear systems to
include a multifaceted world view. Complex adaptive systems. All is connected. Neither end nor
begins. Moves as a dance. Adaptive. A way to understand organizations and communities.
Reflective Practice - ANSWER New insights through self awareness. Critical reflection. Open to
different viewpoint. Being without judgement. Transcends the rational and integrates all
knowing.