Paramedic Cardiology
After-load - CORRECT ANSWER-the pressure that must be exceeded before ejection
of blood from the ventricles can occur
Diastole - CORRECT ANSWER-relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, the widening of
the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood
Systole - CORRECT ANSWER-the contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially
the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery
Flow of blood through the heart - CORRECT ANSWER-from the body
superior and inferior vena cavas
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
semilunar valve
aorta
to the body
Inotropic - CORRECT ANSWER-Beats Harder
Chronotropic - CORRECT ANSWER-Beats Faster
Dromotropic - CORRECT ANSWER-Improved contractility
SA Node Rate - CORRECT ANSWER-60-100 BPM
AV Node Rate - CORRECT ANSWER-40-60 BPM
Bundle of His/Perkinjie Rate - CORRECT ANSWER->40 BPM
, "P" Wave - CORRECT ANSWER-the P wave represents the electrical activity
associated with the contraction of the atria, or atrial depolarization
"P-R" Interval - CORRECT ANSWER-Time required for conduction from the SA node to
AV node. The time between atrial and ventricular depolarization. This is normally 0.12 to
0.2 seconds.
"Q" Wave - CORRECT ANSWER-The first portion of the QRS complex that is seen with
a downward deflection and is usually not obvious on the EKG of the normal heart. Often
the first portion of the deflection is positive, signifying no Q wave. This is the beginning
of ventricular depolarization.
"QRS" Complex - CORRECT ANSWER-Represents ventricle depolarization. The QRS
Interval is measured from the start of the Q wave or from the beginning of the R wave if
no Q wave is present. If no Q wave is present, a normal QRS interval should be less
than 0.12 seconds in all leads.
"ST" Segment - CORRECT ANSWER-Indicates that ventricle depolarization is complete
and that repolarization is about to begin. Also called early ventricle repolarization. The
ST Segment is measured from the end of the QRS to the beginning of the T wave, and
represents a portion of ventricular repolarization. The normal segment is usually flat, or
isoelectric. The absolute measurement of this segment is not as clinically important as
is the configuration, whether depressed or elevated.
"T" Wave - CORRECT ANSWER-the T wave represents the electrical recovery of the
ventricles, or ventricle repolarization. the muscle cells are recovering in preparation for
another impulse
"R-R" Interval - CORRECT ANSWER-duration of ventricular cardiac cycle (an indicator
of ventricular rate)
Cardiac Output - CORRECT ANSWER-heart rate x stroke volume, Total blood volume
pumped from the left ventricle per minute. Can be increased by increasing heart rate or
stroke volume. SV X HR= CO
Stroke Volume - CORRECT ANSWER-the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle
with each heartbeat
Pre-load - CORRECT ANSWER-Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole,
immediately before ventricular contraction.
Beta 1 - CORRECT ANSWER-located in the heart + ionotrphic and chronotrophic, also
in kidneys renin release in blood helping regulation of bp causing vasoconstriction
Beta 2 - CORRECT ANSWER-bronchodilation, uterine relaxation, glycogenolysis,
vasodialation, skeletal muscle contraction
After-load - CORRECT ANSWER-the pressure that must be exceeded before ejection
of blood from the ventricles can occur
Diastole - CORRECT ANSWER-relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, the widening of
the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood
Systole - CORRECT ANSWER-the contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially
the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery
Flow of blood through the heart - CORRECT ANSWER-from the body
superior and inferior vena cavas
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
semilunar valve
aorta
to the body
Inotropic - CORRECT ANSWER-Beats Harder
Chronotropic - CORRECT ANSWER-Beats Faster
Dromotropic - CORRECT ANSWER-Improved contractility
SA Node Rate - CORRECT ANSWER-60-100 BPM
AV Node Rate - CORRECT ANSWER-40-60 BPM
Bundle of His/Perkinjie Rate - CORRECT ANSWER->40 BPM
, "P" Wave - CORRECT ANSWER-the P wave represents the electrical activity
associated with the contraction of the atria, or atrial depolarization
"P-R" Interval - CORRECT ANSWER-Time required for conduction from the SA node to
AV node. The time between atrial and ventricular depolarization. This is normally 0.12 to
0.2 seconds.
"Q" Wave - CORRECT ANSWER-The first portion of the QRS complex that is seen with
a downward deflection and is usually not obvious on the EKG of the normal heart. Often
the first portion of the deflection is positive, signifying no Q wave. This is the beginning
of ventricular depolarization.
"QRS" Complex - CORRECT ANSWER-Represents ventricle depolarization. The QRS
Interval is measured from the start of the Q wave or from the beginning of the R wave if
no Q wave is present. If no Q wave is present, a normal QRS interval should be less
than 0.12 seconds in all leads.
"ST" Segment - CORRECT ANSWER-Indicates that ventricle depolarization is complete
and that repolarization is about to begin. Also called early ventricle repolarization. The
ST Segment is measured from the end of the QRS to the beginning of the T wave, and
represents a portion of ventricular repolarization. The normal segment is usually flat, or
isoelectric. The absolute measurement of this segment is not as clinically important as
is the configuration, whether depressed or elevated.
"T" Wave - CORRECT ANSWER-the T wave represents the electrical recovery of the
ventricles, or ventricle repolarization. the muscle cells are recovering in preparation for
another impulse
"R-R" Interval - CORRECT ANSWER-duration of ventricular cardiac cycle (an indicator
of ventricular rate)
Cardiac Output - CORRECT ANSWER-heart rate x stroke volume, Total blood volume
pumped from the left ventricle per minute. Can be increased by increasing heart rate or
stroke volume. SV X HR= CO
Stroke Volume - CORRECT ANSWER-the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle
with each heartbeat
Pre-load - CORRECT ANSWER-Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole,
immediately before ventricular contraction.
Beta 1 - CORRECT ANSWER-located in the heart + ionotrphic and chronotrophic, also
in kidneys renin release in blood helping regulation of bp causing vasoconstriction
Beta 2 - CORRECT ANSWER-bronchodilation, uterine relaxation, glycogenolysis,
vasodialation, skeletal muscle contraction
