SOLUTION MANUAL FOR
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Issues in Economics Today 10th Edition by Robert Guell
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Chapter 1-47
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Chapter 1
End of Chapter Questions
Quiz Yourself
1. Scarcity implies that the allocation decision chosen by society can
a) not make more of any one good.
b) always make more of any good.
c) typically make more of one good but at the expense of making less of
another.
d) always make more of all goods simultaneously.
Explanation: Scarcity implies that choices involve trade-offs.
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 02 Medium
Gradeable: automatic
Learning Objective: 01-01
Topic: Economics and Opportunity Cost
2. A production possibilities frontier is a simple model of
a) allocating scarce inputs to the production of alternative outputs.
a) price and production/consumption in a market.
b) the cost of producing goods.
c) the number of inputs required to produce varying levels of output.
Explanation: The production possibilities frontier shows the quantity of two goods that
can be produced. It implies that scarcity requires that choices be made as to how to use
resources.
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 02 Medium
Gradeable: automatic
Learning Objective: 01-01
Topic: Modeling Opportunity Cost Using the Production Possibilities Frontier
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,3. The underlying reason that there are unattainable points on a production
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possibilities frontier is that there
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a. is government. @w
b. are always choices that must be made.
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c. are scarce resources within a fixed level of technology.
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d. is unemployment of resources.
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Explanation: The points outside the production possibilities frontier are unattainable.
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This means that currently available resources and technology are insufficient to
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produce amounts greater than those illustrated on the frontier. On a graph,
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everything beyond the frontier is unattainable.
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AACSB: Reflective Thinking@w @w
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
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Blooms: Remember
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Difficulty: 01 Easy @w @w
Gradeable: automatic
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Learning Objective: 01-01
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Topic: Modeling Opportunity Cost Using the Production Possibilities Frontier
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4. The underlying reason production possibilities frontiers are likely to be
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bowed out (rather than linear) is because
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a. choices have consequences. @w @w
b. there are always opportunity costs.@w @w @w @w
c. some resources and people can be better used producing one good
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rather than another.
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d. there is always some level of unemployment.
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Explanation: If the production possibilities frontier is not a line but is bowed out
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away from the origin, then opportunity cost is increasing. The reason for this is
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that as we add more resources to the production of, for example, pizza, we are
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using fewer resources to produce soda. Compounding that problem, at each stage
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as we take the resources away from soda and put them into pizza, we are
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moving workers who are worse at pizza production and better at soda production
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than those moved in the previous stage. This means that the increase in pizza
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production is diminishing and the loss in soda production is increasing. An
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economist would call this an example of increasing opportunity cost. If the
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production possibilities frontier is a straight line that is not bowed out away from
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the origin, then opportunity cost is constant.
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AACSB: Knowledge Application
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
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Blooms: Remember
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Difficulty: 01 Easy @w @w
Gradeable: automatic
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Learning Objective: 01-02
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Topic: Attributes of the Production Possibilities Frontier
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,5. Suppose you were modeling the impact of the introduction of computer
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automation into manufacturing on a production possibilities frontier (PPF) with
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two manufactured goods on their respective axes. It would be more likely that
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the result would be
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.
a) generalized growth with the PPF moving both up and to the right.
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b) specialized growth with the PPF moving both up and to the right.
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c) generalized growth with the PPF just moving up and not to the right.
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d) specialized growth with the PPF just moving up and not to the right.
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Explanation: Computer automation is a general improvement in technology so it
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would improve all manufacturing. As a result, it would result in generalized
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growth and move the PPF both up and to the right.
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AACSB: Knowledge Application
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
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Blooms: Remember
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Difficulty: 01 Easy @w @w
Gradeable: automatic
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Learning Objective: 01-03
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Topic: Economic Growth
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6. The optimization assumption suggests that people make
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a. irrational decisions. @w
b. unpredictable decisions. @w
c. decisions to make themselves as well off as possible.
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d. decisions without thinking very hard. @w @w @w @w
Explanation: The optimization assumption suggests that the person in question is
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trying to maximize some objective. Consumers are assumed to be making
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decisions that maximize their happiness subject to a scarce amount of money.
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AACSB: Reflective Thinking
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
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Blooms: Remember
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Difficulty: 01 Easy @w @w
Gradeable: automatic
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Learning Objective: 01-01
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Topic: Thinking Economically
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7. Imagine an economist ordering donuts one-by-one. When deciding how many
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donuts to order they would pick that number where the enjoyment of the
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equals the enjoyment they could get from using the money on another good.
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a. first donut @w
b. last/marginal donut @w
c. average/typical donut @w
d. total number of donuts @w @w @w
Explanation: The enjoyment of the last slice is the marginal benefit of that slice. If this
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enjoyment is more than the enjoyment from some alternative, more will be
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consumed.
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, AACSB: Reflective Thinking
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Page 4
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@w @w
Issues in Economics Today 10th Edition by Robert Guell
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
Chapter 1-47
@w
Chapter 1
End of Chapter Questions
Quiz Yourself
1. Scarcity implies that the allocation decision chosen by society can
a) not make more of any one good.
b) always make more of any good.
c) typically make more of one good but at the expense of making less of
another.
d) always make more of all goods simultaneously.
Explanation: Scarcity implies that choices involve trade-offs.
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 02 Medium
Gradeable: automatic
Learning Objective: 01-01
Topic: Economics and Opportunity Cost
2. A production possibilities frontier is a simple model of
a) allocating scarce inputs to the production of alternative outputs.
a) price and production/consumption in a market.
b) the cost of producing goods.
c) the number of inputs required to produce varying levels of output.
Explanation: The production possibilities frontier shows the quantity of two goods that
can be produced. It implies that scarcity requires that choices be made as to how to use
resources.
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 02 Medium
Gradeable: automatic
Learning Objective: 01-01
Topic: Modeling Opportunity Cost Using the Production Possibilities Frontier
Page 1
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,3. The underlying reason that there are unattainable points on a production
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
possibilities frontier is that there
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a. is government. @w
b. are always choices that must be made.
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c. are scarce resources within a fixed level of technology.
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
d. is unemployment of resources.
@w @w @w
Explanation: The points outside the production possibilities frontier are unattainable.
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
This means that currently available resources and technology are insufficient to
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
produce amounts greater than those illustrated on the frontier. On a graph,
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
everything beyond the frontier is unattainable.
@w @w @w @w @w @w
AACSB: Reflective Thinking@w @w
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
@w @w @w
Blooms: Remember
@w @w
Difficulty: 01 Easy @w @w
Gradeable: automatic
@w @w
Learning Objective: 01-01
@w @w @w
Topic: Modeling Opportunity Cost Using the Production Possibilities Frontier
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
4. The underlying reason production possibilities frontiers are likely to be
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
bowed out (rather than linear) is because
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w
a. choices have consequences. @w @w
b. there are always opportunity costs.@w @w @w @w
c. some resources and people can be better used producing one good
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
rather than another.
@w @w @w
d. there is always some level of unemployment.
@w @w @w @w @w @w
Explanation: If the production possibilities frontier is not a line but is bowed out
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
away from the origin, then opportunity cost is increasing. The reason for this is
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
that as we add more resources to the production of, for example, pizza, we are
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
using fewer resources to produce soda. Compounding that problem, at each stage
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
as we take the resources away from soda and put them into pizza, we are
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
moving workers who are worse at pizza production and better at soda production
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
than those moved in the previous stage. This means that the increase in pizza
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
production is diminishing and the loss in soda production is increasing. An
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
economist would call this an example of increasing opportunity cost. If the
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
production possibilities frontier is a straight line that is not bowed out away from
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
the origin, then opportunity cost is constant.
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w
AACSB: Knowledge Application
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
@w @w @w
Blooms: Remember
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Difficulty: 01 Easy @w @w
Gradeable: automatic
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Learning Objective: 01-02
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Topic: Attributes of the Production Possibilities Frontier
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,5. Suppose you were modeling the impact of the introduction of computer
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
automation into manufacturing on a production possibilities frontier (PPF) with
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
two manufactured goods on their respective axes. It would be more likely that
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
the result would be
@w @w @w @w @w
.
a) generalized growth with the PPF moving both up and to the right.
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
b) specialized growth with the PPF moving both up and to the right.
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
c) generalized growth with the PPF just moving up and not to the right.
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
d) specialized growth with the PPF just moving up and not to the right.
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
Explanation: Computer automation is a general improvement in technology so it
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
would improve all manufacturing. As a result, it would result in generalized
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
growth and move the PPF both up and to the right.
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
AACSB: Knowledge Application
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
@w @w @w
Blooms: Remember
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Difficulty: 01 Easy @w @w
Gradeable: automatic
@w @w
Learning Objective: 01-03
@w @w @w
Topic: Economic Growth
@w @w @w
6. The optimization assumption suggests that people make
@w @w @w @w @w @w
a. irrational decisions. @w
b. unpredictable decisions. @w
c. decisions to make themselves as well off as possible.
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
d. decisions without thinking very hard. @w @w @w @w
Explanation: The optimization assumption suggests that the person in question is
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
trying to maximize some objective. Consumers are assumed to be making
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
decisions that maximize their happiness subject to a scarce amount of money.
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
@w @w @w
Blooms: Remember
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Difficulty: 01 Easy @w @w
Gradeable: automatic
@w @w
Learning Objective: 01-01
@w @w @w
Topic: Thinking Economically
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7. Imagine an economist ordering donuts one-by-one. When deciding how many
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
donuts to order they would pick that number where the enjoyment of the
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
equals the enjoyment they could get from using the money on another good.
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a. first donut @w
b. last/marginal donut @w
c. average/typical donut @w
d. total number of donuts @w @w @w
Explanation: The enjoyment of the last slice is the marginal benefit of that slice. If this
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
enjoyment is more than the enjoyment from some alternative, more will be
@w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w
consumed.
@w
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, AACSB: Reflective Thinking
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Page 4
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