Comprehensive Study 1 Up to Date Content
NURS 5334 Latest Questions and
Graded Answers
Key Elements of a Prescription
Ans: 1) Prescriber Name
2) License Number
3) Contact Information
4) DEA number of prescriber and supervising
physician
5) Patient Name
6) Patient DOB
7) Patient Allergies
8) Name of Medication
9) Indication for Medication
10) Strength of Medication
11) Dosing Frequency
12) Number of tablets/capsules to disepense
13) Number of refills
14) SIG or instructions for the prescription (E.g.
"Take one tablet by mouth daily")
3 primary reasons for drug monitoring
Ans: 1) determine therapeutic dosage
2) evaluating medication adequacy: desired effect
achieved
3) identifying adverse effects: presence of patient
harm
Up to Date Content
,Comprehensive Study 2 Up to Date Content
Pharmacokinetics
Ans: Study of drug movement throughout the body
Includes drug metabolism and excretion
Passage across cell membrane
Absorption
Ans: Drug's movement from site of administration to
the blood
Rate=how soon effects begin
Amount=how intense the effects will be
Rate of absorption depends on
Ans: rate of dissolution
surface area
blood flow
lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Distribution
Ans: Drug's movement from blood into interstitial
space and then into cells
Metabolism
Up to Date Content
,Comprehensive Study 3 Up to Date Content
Ans: "Biotransformation"
Enzyme mediated alteration of the drug structure
Excretion
Ans: How drugs and metabolites move out of the
body
Elimination
Ans: combination of metabolism and excretion
Movement of drugs
Ans: GI Tract/Site of administration-->Blood--
>Liver/Kidney/Site of action/Other Sites--
>Bile/Urine-->Outside of body
3 ways for drugs to cross cell membrane
Ans: 1) Channels and pores
2) Transport systems (P-glycoprotein)
3) Direct penetration of the membrane - **Most
common**
P-Glycoprotein
Ans: Transmembrane protein that transports a wide
variety of drugs out of cells
Liver to Bile; Kidney to Urine, Placenta to Maternal
blood; Brain to Blood
Up to Date Content
, Comprehensive Study 4 Up to Date Content
Passage of drugs across membrane
Ans: "Like dissolves like"
cell membrane composition lipid - lipid soluble drugs
can cross membrane without help
Must be Non-Ionized to cross from one side to the
other
Ions
Ans: drug will accumulate on side which favors
ionization ("pH partitioning or Ion trapping")
pH dependent ionization - acid (proton donor) ionizes
in basic/alkaline media; base (proton accepter)
ionizes in acidic media
quarternary ammonium compounds - contain at least
one atom of nitrogen and carry a positive charge
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
Ans: Rate of dissolution
Surface Area
Blood Flow
Lipid Solubility
pH Partitioning
Routes of Administration: Intravenous (IV)
Up to Date Content
NURS 5334 Latest Questions and
Graded Answers
Key Elements of a Prescription
Ans: 1) Prescriber Name
2) License Number
3) Contact Information
4) DEA number of prescriber and supervising
physician
5) Patient Name
6) Patient DOB
7) Patient Allergies
8) Name of Medication
9) Indication for Medication
10) Strength of Medication
11) Dosing Frequency
12) Number of tablets/capsules to disepense
13) Number of refills
14) SIG or instructions for the prescription (E.g.
"Take one tablet by mouth daily")
3 primary reasons for drug monitoring
Ans: 1) determine therapeutic dosage
2) evaluating medication adequacy: desired effect
achieved
3) identifying adverse effects: presence of patient
harm
Up to Date Content
,Comprehensive Study 2 Up to Date Content
Pharmacokinetics
Ans: Study of drug movement throughout the body
Includes drug metabolism and excretion
Passage across cell membrane
Absorption
Ans: Drug's movement from site of administration to
the blood
Rate=how soon effects begin
Amount=how intense the effects will be
Rate of absorption depends on
Ans: rate of dissolution
surface area
blood flow
lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Distribution
Ans: Drug's movement from blood into interstitial
space and then into cells
Metabolism
Up to Date Content
,Comprehensive Study 3 Up to Date Content
Ans: "Biotransformation"
Enzyme mediated alteration of the drug structure
Excretion
Ans: How drugs and metabolites move out of the
body
Elimination
Ans: combination of metabolism and excretion
Movement of drugs
Ans: GI Tract/Site of administration-->Blood--
>Liver/Kidney/Site of action/Other Sites--
>Bile/Urine-->Outside of body
3 ways for drugs to cross cell membrane
Ans: 1) Channels and pores
2) Transport systems (P-glycoprotein)
3) Direct penetration of the membrane - **Most
common**
P-Glycoprotein
Ans: Transmembrane protein that transports a wide
variety of drugs out of cells
Liver to Bile; Kidney to Urine, Placenta to Maternal
blood; Brain to Blood
Up to Date Content
, Comprehensive Study 4 Up to Date Content
Passage of drugs across membrane
Ans: "Like dissolves like"
cell membrane composition lipid - lipid soluble drugs
can cross membrane without help
Must be Non-Ionized to cross from one side to the
other
Ions
Ans: drug will accumulate on side which favors
ionization ("pH partitioning or Ion trapping")
pH dependent ionization - acid (proton donor) ionizes
in basic/alkaline media; base (proton accepter)
ionizes in acidic media
quarternary ammonium compounds - contain at least
one atom of nitrogen and carry a positive charge
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
Ans: Rate of dissolution
Surface Area
Blood Flow
Lipid Solubility
pH Partitioning
Routes of Administration: Intravenous (IV)
Up to Date Content
