TEST BANK FOR
APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FOURTH, NORTH AMERICAN
EDITION
BY JUDI NATH (AUTHOR), CARIE BRAUN (AUTHOR), CINDY ANDERSON (AUTHOR)||ALL
CHAPTER||VERIFIED
(WITH ANSWER KEY)
,TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 2 ALTERED CELLS AND TISSUES
CHAPTER 3 INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE REPAIR
CHAPTER 4 ALTERED IMMUNITY
CHAPTER 5 INFECTION
CHAPTER 6 GENETIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
CHAPTER 7 ALTERED CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION
CHAPTER 8 ALTERED FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
CHAPTER 9 ALTERED ACID-BASE BALANCE
CHAPTER 10 ALTERED NEURAL FUNCTION
CHAPTER 11 ALTERED MOOD, ATTENTION, AND BEHAVIOR
CHAPTER 12 ALTERED SOMATIC AND SPECIAL SENSORY FUNCTION
CHAPTER 13 ALTERED HORMONAL AND METABOLIC REGULATION
CHAPTER 14 ALTERED REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION
CHAPTER 15 ALTERED VENTILATION AND DIFFUSION
CHAPTER 16 ALTERED PERFUSION
CHAPTER 17 ALTERED NUTRITION
CHAPTER 18 ALTERED ELIMINATION
CHAPTER 19 DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN AGING
CHAPTER 20 INTEGRATED PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC
,CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. THE NUCLEUS , WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR FUNCTION AND SURVIVAL OF THE CELL.
A) IS THE SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B) CONTAINS THE GENETIC CODE
C) TRANSFORMS CELLULAR ENERGY
D) INITIATES AEROBIC METABOLISM
2. ALTHOUGH ENERGY IS NOT MADE IN MITOCHONDRIA, THEY ARE KNOWN AS THE
POWER PLANTS OF THE CELL BECAUSE THEY:
A) CONTAIN RNA FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
B) UTILIZE GLYCOLYSIS FOR OXIDATIVE ENERGY.
C) EXTRACT ENERGY FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
D) STORE CALCIUM BONDS FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS.
3. ALTHOUGH THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE CELL PLASMA MEMBRANE IS FORMED BY A
LIPID BILAYER, MOST OF THE SPECIFIC MEMBRANE PURPOSES ARE CARRIED OUT BY:
A) BOUND AND TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS.
B) COMPLEX, LONG CARBOHYDRATE CHAINS.
C) SURFACE ANTIGENS AND HORMONE RECEPTORS.
D) A GATING SYSTEM OF SELECTIVE ION CHANNELS.
4. TO EFFECTIVELY RELAY SIGNALS, CELL-TO-CELL COMMUNICATION UTILIZES CHEMICAL
MESSENGER SYSTEMS THAT:
A) DISPLACE SURFACE RECEPTOR PROTEINS.
B) ACCUMULATE WITHIN CELL GAP JUNCTIONS.
C) BIND TO CONTRACTILE MICROFILAMENTS.
D) RELEASE SECRETIONS INTO EXTRACELLULAR FLUID.
5. AEROBIC METABOLISM, ALSO KNOWN AS OXIDATIVE METABOLISM, PROVIDES ENERGY
BY:
,A) REMOVING THE PHOSPHATE BONDS FROM ATP.
B) COMBINING HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN TO FORM WATER.
C) ACTIVATING PYRUVATE STORED IN THE CYTOPLASM.
D) BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE TO FORM LACTIC ACID.
6. EXOCYTOSIS, THE REVERSE OF ENDOCYTOSIS, IS IMPORTANT IN INTO THE
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID.
A) ENGULFING AND INGESTING FLUID AND PROTEINS FOR TRANSPORT
B) KILLING, DEGRADING, AND DISSOLVING HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS
C) REMOVING CELLULAR DEBRIS AND RELEASING SYNTHESIZED SUBSTANCES
D) DESTRUCTION OF PARTICLES BY LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES FOR SECRETION
7. THE PROCESS RESPONSIBLE FOR GENERATING AND CONDUCTING MEMBRANE
POTENTIALS IS:
A) DIFFUSION OF CURRENT-CARRYING IONS.
B) MILLIVOLTAGE OF ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL.
C) POLARIZATION OF CHARGED PARTICLES.
D) ION CHANNEL NEUROTRANSMISSION.
8. EPITHELIAL TISSUES ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF THE CELLS AND THE
NUMBER OF LAYERS. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CORRECTLY MATCHED DESCRIPTION AND
TYPE OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE?
A) SIMPLE EPITHELIUM: CELLS IN CONTACT WITH INTERCELLULAR MATRIX; SOME DO NOT
EXTEND TO SURFACE
B) STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM: SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS; ALL CELLS REST ON BASEMENT
MEMBRANE
C) GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM: ARISE FROM SURFACE EPITHELIA AND UNDERLYING
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
D) PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM: MULTIPLE LAYERS OF CELLS; DEEPEST LAYER RESTS ON
BASEMENT MEMBRANE
9. CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONTAINS FIBROBLASTS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:
,A) PROVIDING A FIBROUS FRAMEWORK FOR CAPILLARIES.
B) SYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN, ELASTIN, AND RETICULAR FIBERS.
C) FORMING TENDONS AND THE FASCIA THAT COVERS MUSCLES.
D) FILLING SPACES BETWEEN TISSUES TO KEEP ORGANS IN PLACE.
10. ALTHOUGH ALL MUSCLE TISSUE CELLS HAVE SOME SIMILARITIES, SMOOTH MUSCLE
(ALSO KNOWN AS INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE) DIFFERS BY:
A) HAVING DENSE BODIES ATTACHED TO ACTIN FILAMENTS.
B) CONTAINING SARCOMERES BETWEEN Z LINES AND M BANDS.
C) HAVING RAPID CONTRACTIONS AND ABUNDANT CROSS-STRIATIONS.
D) CONTRACTING IN RESPONSE TO INCREASED INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM.
11. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEUS IS
PERFORMED BY RIBOSOMAL RNA (RRNA)?
A) COPYING AND CARRYING DNA INSTRUCTIONS FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B) CARRYING AMINO ACIDS TO THE SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
C) PROVIDING THE SITE WHERE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OCCURS
D) REGULATING AND CONTROLLING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
12. BREAKDOWN AND REMOVAL OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES AND WORN-OUT CELL PARTS
ARE PERFORMED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANELLES?
A) LYSOSOMES
B) GOLGI APPARATUS
C) RIBOSOMES
D) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
13. IMPAIRMENT IN THE FUNCTION OF PEROXISOMES WOULD RESULT IN:
A) INADEQUATE SITES FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
B) AN INABILITY TO TRANSPORT CELLULAR PRODUCTS ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE.
C) INSUFFICIENT ENERGY PRODUCTION WITHIN A CELL.
,D) ACCUMULATION OF FREE RADICALS IN THE CYTOPLASM.
14. AFTER SEVERAL MONTHS OF TRYING TO CONCEIVE, A COUPLE IS UNDERGOING
FERTILITY TESTING. SEMEN ANALYSIS INDICATES THAT THE MANS SPERM HAVE DECREASED
MOTILITY, A FINDING THAT IS THOUGHT TO UNDERLIE THE COUPLES INABILITY TO BECOME
PREGNANT.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CELLULAR COMPONENTS MAY BE DEFECTIVE WITHIN THE MANS
SPERM?
A) RIBOSOMES
B) MICROTUBULES
C) MITOCHONDRIA
D) MICROFILAMENTS
15. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS TRUE OF GLYCOLYSIS?
A) GLYCOLYSIS REQUIRES OXYGEN.
B) GLYCOLYSIS OCCURS IN CELLS WITHOUT MITOCHONDRIA.
C) GLYCOLYSIS PROVIDES THE MAJORITY OF THE BODYS ENERGY NEEDS.
D) GLYCOLYSIS PRODUCES ENERGY, WATER, AND CARBON DIOXIDE.
16. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEMBRANE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS REQUIRES THE
GREATEST AMOUNT OF ENERGY?
A) FACILITATED DIFFUSION
B) PASSIVE TRANSPORT
C) VESICULAR TRANSPORT
D) SIMPLE DIFFUSION
17. A MALE PATIENT WITH A DIAGNOSIS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IS EXPERIENCING
HYPERGLYCEMIA BECAUSE HE LACKS SUFFICIENT INSULIN TO INCREASE THE AVAILABILITY OF
GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS IN HIS CELL MEMBRANES. CONSEQUENTLY, HIS CELLS LACK
INTRACELLULAR GLUCOSE AND IT ACCUMULATES IN HIS BLOOD. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
PROCESSES WOULD BEST ALLOW GLUCOSE TO CROSS HIS CELL MEMBRANES?
A) FACILITATED DIFFUSION
, B) SIMPLE DIFFUSION
C) SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
D) ENDOCYTOSIS
18. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS TRUE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS?
A) SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS EACH HAVE AN APICAL, LATERAL, AND BASAL SURFACE.
B) THEY ARE CLOSELY APPOSED AND ARE JOINED BY CELL-TO-CELL ADHESION MOLECULES.
C) THEIR BASAL SURFACE IS ATTACHED TO A BASEMENT MEMBRANE.
D) SKELETAL MUSCLE IS MULTINUCLEATED, LACKING TRUE CELL BOUNDARIES.
19. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BODY TISSUES EXHIBITS THE HIGHEST RATE OF TURNOVER
AND RENEWAL?
A) THE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE SKIN
B) THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUPPORTING BLOOD VESSELS
C) THE SKELETAL MUSCLE THAT FACILITATES MOVEMENT
D) THE NERVOUS TISSUE THAT CONSTITUTES THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
20. A PATIENT WITH A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CONDITION THAT AFFECTS THE DESMOSOMES IS
ALMOST CERTAINLY TO EXHIBIT:
A) IMPAIRED CONTRACTION OF SKELETAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE.
B) WEAKNESS OF THE COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN FIBERS IN THE EXTRACELLULAR SPACE.
C) IMPAIRED COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NEURONS AND EFFECTOR ORGANS.
D) SEPARATION AT THE JUNCTIONS BETWEEN EPITHELIAL CELLS.
ANSWER KEY
1. B
2. C
3. A
APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FOURTH, NORTH AMERICAN
EDITION
BY JUDI NATH (AUTHOR), CARIE BRAUN (AUTHOR), CINDY ANDERSON (AUTHOR)||ALL
CHAPTER||VERIFIED
(WITH ANSWER KEY)
,TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 2 ALTERED CELLS AND TISSUES
CHAPTER 3 INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE REPAIR
CHAPTER 4 ALTERED IMMUNITY
CHAPTER 5 INFECTION
CHAPTER 6 GENETIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
CHAPTER 7 ALTERED CELLULAR PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION
CHAPTER 8 ALTERED FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
CHAPTER 9 ALTERED ACID-BASE BALANCE
CHAPTER 10 ALTERED NEURAL FUNCTION
CHAPTER 11 ALTERED MOOD, ATTENTION, AND BEHAVIOR
CHAPTER 12 ALTERED SOMATIC AND SPECIAL SENSORY FUNCTION
CHAPTER 13 ALTERED HORMONAL AND METABOLIC REGULATION
CHAPTER 14 ALTERED REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION
CHAPTER 15 ALTERED VENTILATION AND DIFFUSION
CHAPTER 16 ALTERED PERFUSION
CHAPTER 17 ALTERED NUTRITION
CHAPTER 18 ALTERED ELIMINATION
CHAPTER 19 DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN AGING
CHAPTER 20 INTEGRATED PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC
,CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. THE NUCLEUS , WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR FUNCTION AND SURVIVAL OF THE CELL.
A) IS THE SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B) CONTAINS THE GENETIC CODE
C) TRANSFORMS CELLULAR ENERGY
D) INITIATES AEROBIC METABOLISM
2. ALTHOUGH ENERGY IS NOT MADE IN MITOCHONDRIA, THEY ARE KNOWN AS THE
POWER PLANTS OF THE CELL BECAUSE THEY:
A) CONTAIN RNA FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
B) UTILIZE GLYCOLYSIS FOR OXIDATIVE ENERGY.
C) EXTRACT ENERGY FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
D) STORE CALCIUM BONDS FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS.
3. ALTHOUGH THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE CELL PLASMA MEMBRANE IS FORMED BY A
LIPID BILAYER, MOST OF THE SPECIFIC MEMBRANE PURPOSES ARE CARRIED OUT BY:
A) BOUND AND TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS.
B) COMPLEX, LONG CARBOHYDRATE CHAINS.
C) SURFACE ANTIGENS AND HORMONE RECEPTORS.
D) A GATING SYSTEM OF SELECTIVE ION CHANNELS.
4. TO EFFECTIVELY RELAY SIGNALS, CELL-TO-CELL COMMUNICATION UTILIZES CHEMICAL
MESSENGER SYSTEMS THAT:
A) DISPLACE SURFACE RECEPTOR PROTEINS.
B) ACCUMULATE WITHIN CELL GAP JUNCTIONS.
C) BIND TO CONTRACTILE MICROFILAMENTS.
D) RELEASE SECRETIONS INTO EXTRACELLULAR FLUID.
5. AEROBIC METABOLISM, ALSO KNOWN AS OXIDATIVE METABOLISM, PROVIDES ENERGY
BY:
,A) REMOVING THE PHOSPHATE BONDS FROM ATP.
B) COMBINING HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN TO FORM WATER.
C) ACTIVATING PYRUVATE STORED IN THE CYTOPLASM.
D) BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE TO FORM LACTIC ACID.
6. EXOCYTOSIS, THE REVERSE OF ENDOCYTOSIS, IS IMPORTANT IN INTO THE
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID.
A) ENGULFING AND INGESTING FLUID AND PROTEINS FOR TRANSPORT
B) KILLING, DEGRADING, AND DISSOLVING HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS
C) REMOVING CELLULAR DEBRIS AND RELEASING SYNTHESIZED SUBSTANCES
D) DESTRUCTION OF PARTICLES BY LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES FOR SECRETION
7. THE PROCESS RESPONSIBLE FOR GENERATING AND CONDUCTING MEMBRANE
POTENTIALS IS:
A) DIFFUSION OF CURRENT-CARRYING IONS.
B) MILLIVOLTAGE OF ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL.
C) POLARIZATION OF CHARGED PARTICLES.
D) ION CHANNEL NEUROTRANSMISSION.
8. EPITHELIAL TISSUES ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF THE CELLS AND THE
NUMBER OF LAYERS. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CORRECTLY MATCHED DESCRIPTION AND
TYPE OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE?
A) SIMPLE EPITHELIUM: CELLS IN CONTACT WITH INTERCELLULAR MATRIX; SOME DO NOT
EXTEND TO SURFACE
B) STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM: SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS; ALL CELLS REST ON BASEMENT
MEMBRANE
C) GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM: ARISE FROM SURFACE EPITHELIA AND UNDERLYING
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
D) PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM: MULTIPLE LAYERS OF CELLS; DEEPEST LAYER RESTS ON
BASEMENT MEMBRANE
9. CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONTAINS FIBROBLASTS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:
,A) PROVIDING A FIBROUS FRAMEWORK FOR CAPILLARIES.
B) SYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN, ELASTIN, AND RETICULAR FIBERS.
C) FORMING TENDONS AND THE FASCIA THAT COVERS MUSCLES.
D) FILLING SPACES BETWEEN TISSUES TO KEEP ORGANS IN PLACE.
10. ALTHOUGH ALL MUSCLE TISSUE CELLS HAVE SOME SIMILARITIES, SMOOTH MUSCLE
(ALSO KNOWN AS INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE) DIFFERS BY:
A) HAVING DENSE BODIES ATTACHED TO ACTIN FILAMENTS.
B) CONTAINING SARCOMERES BETWEEN Z LINES AND M BANDS.
C) HAVING RAPID CONTRACTIONS AND ABUNDANT CROSS-STRIATIONS.
D) CONTRACTING IN RESPONSE TO INCREASED INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM.
11. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEUS IS
PERFORMED BY RIBOSOMAL RNA (RRNA)?
A) COPYING AND CARRYING DNA INSTRUCTIONS FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B) CARRYING AMINO ACIDS TO THE SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
C) PROVIDING THE SITE WHERE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OCCURS
D) REGULATING AND CONTROLLING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
12. BREAKDOWN AND REMOVAL OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES AND WORN-OUT CELL PARTS
ARE PERFORMED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANELLES?
A) LYSOSOMES
B) GOLGI APPARATUS
C) RIBOSOMES
D) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
13. IMPAIRMENT IN THE FUNCTION OF PEROXISOMES WOULD RESULT IN:
A) INADEQUATE SITES FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
B) AN INABILITY TO TRANSPORT CELLULAR PRODUCTS ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE.
C) INSUFFICIENT ENERGY PRODUCTION WITHIN A CELL.
,D) ACCUMULATION OF FREE RADICALS IN THE CYTOPLASM.
14. AFTER SEVERAL MONTHS OF TRYING TO CONCEIVE, A COUPLE IS UNDERGOING
FERTILITY TESTING. SEMEN ANALYSIS INDICATES THAT THE MANS SPERM HAVE DECREASED
MOTILITY, A FINDING THAT IS THOUGHT TO UNDERLIE THE COUPLES INABILITY TO BECOME
PREGNANT.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CELLULAR COMPONENTS MAY BE DEFECTIVE WITHIN THE MANS
SPERM?
A) RIBOSOMES
B) MICROTUBULES
C) MITOCHONDRIA
D) MICROFILAMENTS
15. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS TRUE OF GLYCOLYSIS?
A) GLYCOLYSIS REQUIRES OXYGEN.
B) GLYCOLYSIS OCCURS IN CELLS WITHOUT MITOCHONDRIA.
C) GLYCOLYSIS PROVIDES THE MAJORITY OF THE BODYS ENERGY NEEDS.
D) GLYCOLYSIS PRODUCES ENERGY, WATER, AND CARBON DIOXIDE.
16. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEMBRANE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS REQUIRES THE
GREATEST AMOUNT OF ENERGY?
A) FACILITATED DIFFUSION
B) PASSIVE TRANSPORT
C) VESICULAR TRANSPORT
D) SIMPLE DIFFUSION
17. A MALE PATIENT WITH A DIAGNOSIS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IS EXPERIENCING
HYPERGLYCEMIA BECAUSE HE LACKS SUFFICIENT INSULIN TO INCREASE THE AVAILABILITY OF
GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS IN HIS CELL MEMBRANES. CONSEQUENTLY, HIS CELLS LACK
INTRACELLULAR GLUCOSE AND IT ACCUMULATES IN HIS BLOOD. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
PROCESSES WOULD BEST ALLOW GLUCOSE TO CROSS HIS CELL MEMBRANES?
A) FACILITATED DIFFUSION
, B) SIMPLE DIFFUSION
C) SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
D) ENDOCYTOSIS
18. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS TRUE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS?
A) SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS EACH HAVE AN APICAL, LATERAL, AND BASAL SURFACE.
B) THEY ARE CLOSELY APPOSED AND ARE JOINED BY CELL-TO-CELL ADHESION MOLECULES.
C) THEIR BASAL SURFACE IS ATTACHED TO A BASEMENT MEMBRANE.
D) SKELETAL MUSCLE IS MULTINUCLEATED, LACKING TRUE CELL BOUNDARIES.
19. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BODY TISSUES EXHIBITS THE HIGHEST RATE OF TURNOVER
AND RENEWAL?
A) THE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE SKIN
B) THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUPPORTING BLOOD VESSELS
C) THE SKELETAL MUSCLE THAT FACILITATES MOVEMENT
D) THE NERVOUS TISSUE THAT CONSTITUTES THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
20. A PATIENT WITH A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CONDITION THAT AFFECTS THE DESMOSOMES IS
ALMOST CERTAINLY TO EXHIBIT:
A) IMPAIRED CONTRACTION OF SKELETAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE.
B) WEAKNESS OF THE COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN FIBERS IN THE EXTRACELLULAR SPACE.
C) IMPAIRED COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NEURONS AND EFFECTOR ORGANS.
D) SEPARATION AT THE JUNCTIONS BETWEEN EPITHELIAL CELLS.
ANSWER KEY
1. B
2. C
3. A
