ISSA STRENGTH AND
CONDITIONING FINAL EXAM
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
Sliding Filament Theory ( Correct answers ) Actin filaments at each end
of the sarcomere slide inward on myosin filaments, pulling z-lines toward
the center of the sarcomere and thus shortening the muscle fiber.
Muscle fiber fatigue order ( Correct answers )
Type 2a Type 2x
Type 1
lactic acid ( Correct answers ) Produced in muscle cells from the
reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate
NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually
accompanies an increase in physical activity.
elbow adduction ( Correct answers ) No more than 90 degrees
for healthy individuals/45 degrees for people with problems
Fundamentals of training programming ( Correct answers ) Work
capacity Fitness
Preparedness
Training parameters ( Correct answers ) Exercise
selection Muscle growth
Motor unit
recruitment Firing
rate of nerves
Physiological cross
sectional area
Phalanges ( Correct answers ) bones of the fingers
and toes Double pyramid ( Correct answers ) Go up
then down
wave loading ( Correct answers ) Varies in load or reps between one or
more sets Prep Phase ( Correct answers ) General physical preparation
Specific physical preparation
Sport specific preparation
Talus ( Correct answers ) By ankle
,respiratory system ( Correct answers ) Brings oxygen into the body. Gets
rid of carbon dioxide.
Calcaneus ( Correct answers ) By heel
Cervical rotation ( Correct answers ) Neck rotation
frontal plane (coronal plane) ( Correct answers )
Abduction/adduction saggital plane ( Correct answers )
flexion and extension
transverse plane ( Correct answers ) rotation
The ankle is made up of ( Correct answers ) The
tibia/fibula/talus
Osteoclasts ( Correct answers ) Bone-destroying
cells Osteoblasts ( Correct answers ) bone
forming cells Osteocytes ( Correct answers )
mature bone cells Osteocytes ( Correct
answers ) mature bone cells
order of spinal cord ( Correct answers )
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
cancellous bone ( Correct answers ) spongy, porous, bone tissue in the
inner part of a bone
Short bones ( Correct answers ) carpals and tarsals
Marrow within bones produce blood cells. ( Correct answers ) True
axial skeleton ( Correct answers ) Portion of the skeletal system that
consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column 80 bones
appendicular skeleton ( Correct answers ) Bones of the limbs and limb
girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton 126 bones
5 types of bones ( Correct answers ) Long bones, short bones, flat
bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones
Facet joints ( Correct answers ) synovial joints that link vertebrae
and provide flexibility in the spine
, spinous process ( Correct answers ) sharp, slender projection
rectus femoris ( Correct answers ) Middle of quad
vastus lateralis ( Correct answers ) a muscle toward the outer side of the
leg
Transverse process ( Correct answers ) two lateral projections from the
vertebral arch
cervical vertebrae ( Correct answers ) 7
vertebrae thoracic vertebrae ( Correct
answers ) 12 vertebrae
Resorption ( Correct answers ) the process
of removing or digesting old bone tissue
Wolff's Law ( Correct answers ) A bone grows or remodels in response to
forces or demands placed upon it
epiphyseal plate ( Correct answers ) Growth plate, made of
cartilage, gradually ossifies
Stress fracture ( Correct answers ) a small crack in the bone that often
develops from chronic, excessive impact
computed tomography (CT) ( Correct answers ) brain-imaging
method using computer-controlled X-rays of the brain
Remodeling ( Correct answers ) The process of resorption and
formation of bone
bone deposition ( Correct answers ) the addition of minerals and
collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts
Endosteum ( Correct answers ) membranous lining of the hollow cavity
of the bone
trabeculae ( Correct answers ) supporting bundles of bony fibers in
cancellous (spongy) bone
Osteoporosis ( Correct answers ) A condition in which the body's bones
become weak and break easily.
Fissure ( Correct answers ) an opening; a groove; a split in bone
hyaline cartilage ( Correct answers ) Most common type of cartilage; it is
found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose
CONDITIONING FINAL EXAM
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
Sliding Filament Theory ( Correct answers ) Actin filaments at each end
of the sarcomere slide inward on myosin filaments, pulling z-lines toward
the center of the sarcomere and thus shortening the muscle fiber.
Muscle fiber fatigue order ( Correct answers )
Type 2a Type 2x
Type 1
lactic acid ( Correct answers ) Produced in muscle cells from the
reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate
NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually
accompanies an increase in physical activity.
elbow adduction ( Correct answers ) No more than 90 degrees
for healthy individuals/45 degrees for people with problems
Fundamentals of training programming ( Correct answers ) Work
capacity Fitness
Preparedness
Training parameters ( Correct answers ) Exercise
selection Muscle growth
Motor unit
recruitment Firing
rate of nerves
Physiological cross
sectional area
Phalanges ( Correct answers ) bones of the fingers
and toes Double pyramid ( Correct answers ) Go up
then down
wave loading ( Correct answers ) Varies in load or reps between one or
more sets Prep Phase ( Correct answers ) General physical preparation
Specific physical preparation
Sport specific preparation
Talus ( Correct answers ) By ankle
,respiratory system ( Correct answers ) Brings oxygen into the body. Gets
rid of carbon dioxide.
Calcaneus ( Correct answers ) By heel
Cervical rotation ( Correct answers ) Neck rotation
frontal plane (coronal plane) ( Correct answers )
Abduction/adduction saggital plane ( Correct answers )
flexion and extension
transverse plane ( Correct answers ) rotation
The ankle is made up of ( Correct answers ) The
tibia/fibula/talus
Osteoclasts ( Correct answers ) Bone-destroying
cells Osteoblasts ( Correct answers ) bone
forming cells Osteocytes ( Correct answers )
mature bone cells Osteocytes ( Correct
answers ) mature bone cells
order of spinal cord ( Correct answers )
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
cancellous bone ( Correct answers ) spongy, porous, bone tissue in the
inner part of a bone
Short bones ( Correct answers ) carpals and tarsals
Marrow within bones produce blood cells. ( Correct answers ) True
axial skeleton ( Correct answers ) Portion of the skeletal system that
consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column 80 bones
appendicular skeleton ( Correct answers ) Bones of the limbs and limb
girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton 126 bones
5 types of bones ( Correct answers ) Long bones, short bones, flat
bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones
Facet joints ( Correct answers ) synovial joints that link vertebrae
and provide flexibility in the spine
, spinous process ( Correct answers ) sharp, slender projection
rectus femoris ( Correct answers ) Middle of quad
vastus lateralis ( Correct answers ) a muscle toward the outer side of the
leg
Transverse process ( Correct answers ) two lateral projections from the
vertebral arch
cervical vertebrae ( Correct answers ) 7
vertebrae thoracic vertebrae ( Correct
answers ) 12 vertebrae
Resorption ( Correct answers ) the process
of removing or digesting old bone tissue
Wolff's Law ( Correct answers ) A bone grows or remodels in response to
forces or demands placed upon it
epiphyseal plate ( Correct answers ) Growth plate, made of
cartilage, gradually ossifies
Stress fracture ( Correct answers ) a small crack in the bone that often
develops from chronic, excessive impact
computed tomography (CT) ( Correct answers ) brain-imaging
method using computer-controlled X-rays of the brain
Remodeling ( Correct answers ) The process of resorption and
formation of bone
bone deposition ( Correct answers ) the addition of minerals and
collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts
Endosteum ( Correct answers ) membranous lining of the hollow cavity
of the bone
trabeculae ( Correct answers ) supporting bundles of bony fibers in
cancellous (spongy) bone
Osteoporosis ( Correct answers ) A condition in which the body's bones
become weak and break easily.
Fissure ( Correct answers ) an opening; a groove; a split in bone
hyaline cartilage ( Correct answers ) Most common type of cartilage; it is
found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose
