NBE - Funeral Service Sciences
Questions and Answers
Abdominal Anatomical regions - ANSWERS(1) nine region plan: by means of four
imaginary planes, two of which are horizontal (indicated by lines drawn across the right
and left 10" ribs and across the right and left anterior superior iliac spines) and two
sagittal (indicated by lines drawn from mid point of inguinal ligament to nipples to
nipples of chest, right and left sides). Upper row - right hypochondriac, epigastric, left
hypochondriac. Middle row- right lumbar umbilical, left lumbar. Lower row- right inguinal
(iliac), hypogastric, left inguinal( iliac). (2) four sagital lan: by means of two imaginary
planes, one horizontal and the other mid- sagittal. Upper right quadrant, upper left
quadrant, lower right quadrant, lower left quadrant.
Abrasion - ANSWERSantemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a
firm objet resulting in the removal of the epidermis
Abut - ANSWERSto touch or contact, as with the tarsal plates of the closed eyelids
Acessory Chemicals - ANSWERSgroup of chemicals used in additon to Vascular
(arterial ) and cavity embalming fluids; includes but is not limited to hardening
compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, mold preventative agents, and pack
application agents
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/ AIDS - ANSWERSa specific group of diseases
or conditions which are indicative of severe immunosuppression related to infection with
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); persons dead having had AIDS may exhibit
conditions such as wasting syndrome, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and Kaposi's
sarcoma
Action Level/ AL Exposure Limits - ANSWERSthese levels are established to ensure
adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize
the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposure below the
8hour permissible exposure limit (PEL). The AL for formaldehyde is 0.5ppm
Actual Pressure - ANSWERSthat pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge
needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body
Adipocere (Grave Wax) - ANSWERSa wax-like material produced by saponification of
body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil
Aerobic - ANSWERSin the presence of free oxygen
,Aerosolization - ANSWERSto disperse as an aerosol; minute particles of blood and
water become atomized and suspended in air when water under pressure meets the
blood drainage or when flushing an undercover flush sink
Agglutination (Congealing) - ANSWERSintravascular, the increase of viscosity of blood
brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels
Agonal Algor - ANSWERSdecrease in body temperature immediately before death
Agonal Coagulation (Congealing) - ANSWERSin reference to blood, a change from a
fluid into a thickened mass
Agonal Dehydration - ANSWERSthe loss of moisture from the living body during the
agonal state
Agonal Edema - ANSWERSexcape of blood serum from an intravascular to an
extravascular location immediately before death
Agonal Fever - ANSWERSincrease in body temperature immediately before death
Agonal Period - ANSWERSperiod immediately before somatic death
Algor Mortis - ANSWERSpost mortem cooling of the body to hte surrounding
temperature
Alternate Drainage (Restricted Drainage) - ANSWERSMethod of injection-drainage in
which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while drainage is
open
American Congress of Govermental Industrial Hygienists/ ACGIH - ANSWERSan
organization of professional personnel in govermental agencies or educational
institutions who are employed i occupational safety and health programs
Amino Acid - ANSWERSthe building blocks of proteins, and the end products of protein
digestion or hydrolysis, it is a conpound containging amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl (-
COOH) group attached to an alpha carbon and a radical
Anaerobic - ANSWERSin the absence of free oxygen
Anasarca - ANSWERSgeneralized massive edema in subcutaneous tissue
Anatomical Guide - ANSWERSa descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by
means of anatomical structures which are known
Anatomical Limits - ANSWERSpoints of origin and points of termination in relation to
adjacent structures; used to designate the boundaries of arteries
,Anatomical Position - ANSWERSthe body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward,
and thumbs pointed away from the body
Aneurysm - ANSWERSlocalized abnormal dilation or outpocketing of a blood vessel
resulting from congenital defect or a weakness of a vessel wall
Aneurysm Hook - ANSWERSan embalming instrument used for blunt dissection and in
raising vessels; has an eye in hte hook position of hte instrument for placing ligatures
around the vessels
Aneurysm Needle - ANSWERSan emblalming instrument that is used for blunt
dissection an din raising vessels, which has an eye in hte hook portion of he instrument
for placing ligatures around the vessels
Angular Spring Forceps - ANSWERSa multipurpose instrument used in the embalming
process
Anomalies - ANSWERSdeviation from the normal
Antecubital - ANSWERSin front of the elbow/in the bend of the elbow
Antemortem - ANSWERSbefore death
Anterior - ANSWERStoward the front
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine - ANSWERSa bony protuberance, that can be palpated
topographically, found on the ilium, the superior, broad portion of the hipbone; the origin
of he inguinal ligament and the sartorius muscle
Anticoagulant Fluid - ANSWERSingredient of embalming fuluids that retards the natural
postmortem tendenfcy of nlood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions
between blood and other embalming chemicals
Apparent Death - ANSWERScondition in which th emanifestations of life are feebly
maintained
Arterial (Vascular) Fluid - ANSWERSthe concentrated, preservative, embalming
chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into ht
earterial system during vascular embalming. The purpose is for inactivating saprophytic
bacteria and rendering the body tissues less susceptible to decomposition
Arterial Solution - ANSWERSthe mixture of arterial (Vascular) fluid and water which is
used for the arterial injection and may include supplemental fluids
, Arterial Tube - ANSWERSa tube used to inject embalming fluid into the blood vascular
system
Arteriosclerosis - ANSWERSdisease of the arteries resulting in thickening, hardening,
and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
Articulation - ANSWERSplace of union between two or more bones
Ascites - ANSWERSaccumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity
Asepsis - ANSWERSfreedom from infection and from any form of life; sterility.
Asphyxia - ANSWERSinsufficient intake of wxygen resulting from any of numerous
causes
Aspiration - ANSWERSwithfrawal of gas, fluids, and semi-solids from body cavities and
hollow viscera by means of suction with an aspirator and a trocar
Atheroma - ANSWERSfatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries
occuring in atherosclerosis
Autoclave - ANSWERSapparatus used for sterilization by steam pressure, usually at
250 degrees F/ 121 degrees C for a specific time
Autolysis - ANSWERSself destruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes
of their own formation without microbial assistance
Autolytic Enzyme - ANSWERSthe body's own digestive enzymes that are capable of
destroying body cells( autolytic decompositon)
Autopsy (Postmortem Examination) - ANSWERSa postmortem examination of the
organs an d tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition;
necropsy.
Bactericidal Agent - ANSWERSagent that destroys bacteria
Bacteriostatic Agent - ANSWERSagent that has the ability to inhibit or retard bacterial
growth. No destruction of viability of the microorganism is implied
Balsamic Substance - ANSWERSresins combined wiht oil; a fragrant, resinous, oilu
exudate from various trees and plants
Base of the Axillary Space - ANSWERSthe armpit
Biohazard - ANSWERSbiological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans
Questions and Answers
Abdominal Anatomical regions - ANSWERS(1) nine region plan: by means of four
imaginary planes, two of which are horizontal (indicated by lines drawn across the right
and left 10" ribs and across the right and left anterior superior iliac spines) and two
sagittal (indicated by lines drawn from mid point of inguinal ligament to nipples to
nipples of chest, right and left sides). Upper row - right hypochondriac, epigastric, left
hypochondriac. Middle row- right lumbar umbilical, left lumbar. Lower row- right inguinal
(iliac), hypogastric, left inguinal( iliac). (2) four sagital lan: by means of two imaginary
planes, one horizontal and the other mid- sagittal. Upper right quadrant, upper left
quadrant, lower right quadrant, lower left quadrant.
Abrasion - ANSWERSantemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a
firm objet resulting in the removal of the epidermis
Abut - ANSWERSto touch or contact, as with the tarsal plates of the closed eyelids
Acessory Chemicals - ANSWERSgroup of chemicals used in additon to Vascular
(arterial ) and cavity embalming fluids; includes but is not limited to hardening
compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, mold preventative agents, and pack
application agents
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/ AIDS - ANSWERSa specific group of diseases
or conditions which are indicative of severe immunosuppression related to infection with
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); persons dead having had AIDS may exhibit
conditions such as wasting syndrome, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and Kaposi's
sarcoma
Action Level/ AL Exposure Limits - ANSWERSthese levels are established to ensure
adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize
the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposure below the
8hour permissible exposure limit (PEL). The AL for formaldehyde is 0.5ppm
Actual Pressure - ANSWERSthat pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge
needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body
Adipocere (Grave Wax) - ANSWERSa wax-like material produced by saponification of
body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil
Aerobic - ANSWERSin the presence of free oxygen
,Aerosolization - ANSWERSto disperse as an aerosol; minute particles of blood and
water become atomized and suspended in air when water under pressure meets the
blood drainage or when flushing an undercover flush sink
Agglutination (Congealing) - ANSWERSintravascular, the increase of viscosity of blood
brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels
Agonal Algor - ANSWERSdecrease in body temperature immediately before death
Agonal Coagulation (Congealing) - ANSWERSin reference to blood, a change from a
fluid into a thickened mass
Agonal Dehydration - ANSWERSthe loss of moisture from the living body during the
agonal state
Agonal Edema - ANSWERSexcape of blood serum from an intravascular to an
extravascular location immediately before death
Agonal Fever - ANSWERSincrease in body temperature immediately before death
Agonal Period - ANSWERSperiod immediately before somatic death
Algor Mortis - ANSWERSpost mortem cooling of the body to hte surrounding
temperature
Alternate Drainage (Restricted Drainage) - ANSWERSMethod of injection-drainage in
which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while drainage is
open
American Congress of Govermental Industrial Hygienists/ ACGIH - ANSWERSan
organization of professional personnel in govermental agencies or educational
institutions who are employed i occupational safety and health programs
Amino Acid - ANSWERSthe building blocks of proteins, and the end products of protein
digestion or hydrolysis, it is a conpound containging amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl (-
COOH) group attached to an alpha carbon and a radical
Anaerobic - ANSWERSin the absence of free oxygen
Anasarca - ANSWERSgeneralized massive edema in subcutaneous tissue
Anatomical Guide - ANSWERSa descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by
means of anatomical structures which are known
Anatomical Limits - ANSWERSpoints of origin and points of termination in relation to
adjacent structures; used to designate the boundaries of arteries
,Anatomical Position - ANSWERSthe body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward,
and thumbs pointed away from the body
Aneurysm - ANSWERSlocalized abnormal dilation or outpocketing of a blood vessel
resulting from congenital defect or a weakness of a vessel wall
Aneurysm Hook - ANSWERSan embalming instrument used for blunt dissection and in
raising vessels; has an eye in hte hook position of hte instrument for placing ligatures
around the vessels
Aneurysm Needle - ANSWERSan emblalming instrument that is used for blunt
dissection an din raising vessels, which has an eye in hte hook portion of he instrument
for placing ligatures around the vessels
Angular Spring Forceps - ANSWERSa multipurpose instrument used in the embalming
process
Anomalies - ANSWERSdeviation from the normal
Antecubital - ANSWERSin front of the elbow/in the bend of the elbow
Antemortem - ANSWERSbefore death
Anterior - ANSWERStoward the front
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine - ANSWERSa bony protuberance, that can be palpated
topographically, found on the ilium, the superior, broad portion of the hipbone; the origin
of he inguinal ligament and the sartorius muscle
Anticoagulant Fluid - ANSWERSingredient of embalming fuluids that retards the natural
postmortem tendenfcy of nlood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions
between blood and other embalming chemicals
Apparent Death - ANSWERScondition in which th emanifestations of life are feebly
maintained
Arterial (Vascular) Fluid - ANSWERSthe concentrated, preservative, embalming
chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into ht
earterial system during vascular embalming. The purpose is for inactivating saprophytic
bacteria and rendering the body tissues less susceptible to decomposition
Arterial Solution - ANSWERSthe mixture of arterial (Vascular) fluid and water which is
used for the arterial injection and may include supplemental fluids
, Arterial Tube - ANSWERSa tube used to inject embalming fluid into the blood vascular
system
Arteriosclerosis - ANSWERSdisease of the arteries resulting in thickening, hardening,
and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
Articulation - ANSWERSplace of union between two or more bones
Ascites - ANSWERSaccumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity
Asepsis - ANSWERSfreedom from infection and from any form of life; sterility.
Asphyxia - ANSWERSinsufficient intake of wxygen resulting from any of numerous
causes
Aspiration - ANSWERSwithfrawal of gas, fluids, and semi-solids from body cavities and
hollow viscera by means of suction with an aspirator and a trocar
Atheroma - ANSWERSfatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries
occuring in atherosclerosis
Autoclave - ANSWERSapparatus used for sterilization by steam pressure, usually at
250 degrees F/ 121 degrees C for a specific time
Autolysis - ANSWERSself destruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes
of their own formation without microbial assistance
Autolytic Enzyme - ANSWERSthe body's own digestive enzymes that are capable of
destroying body cells( autolytic decompositon)
Autopsy (Postmortem Examination) - ANSWERSa postmortem examination of the
organs an d tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition;
necropsy.
Bactericidal Agent - ANSWERSagent that destroys bacteria
Bacteriostatic Agent - ANSWERSagent that has the ability to inhibit or retard bacterial
growth. No destruction of viability of the microorganism is implied
Balsamic Substance - ANSWERSresins combined wiht oil; a fragrant, resinous, oilu
exudate from various trees and plants
Base of the Axillary Space - ANSWERSthe armpit
Biohazard - ANSWERSbiological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans
