HOSA Pathophysiology Exam 2025
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Edema - ✔✔excess amount of tissue fluid that causes swelling of the tissues
Albino - ✔✔a person with an absense of color pigments
Erythema - ✔✔reddish color of the skin caused by either burns or congestion of blood
in the vessels
Jaundice - ✔✔yellow discoloration of the skin that can inficate bile in the blood as a
result of liver or gallbladder disease
Cyanosis - ✔✔bluish discoloration of the skin caused by insufficient oxygen
Macule - ✔✔(skin eruption) flat spots such as freckles
Papule - ✔✔(skin eruption) firm, raised areas such as pimples and the eruptions seen in
some stages of chickenpox and syphilis
Vesicle - ✔✔(skin eruption) blisters, or fluid-filled sacs, such as those seen in
chickenpox
Pustules - ✔✔(skin eruption) pus-filled sacs such as those seen in acne, or pimples
Crusts - ✔✔areas of dried pus and blood, commonly scabs
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,Wheals - ✔✔itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape; hives and insect bites are
examples
Ulcer - ✔✔a deep loss of skin surface that may extend into dermis; may cause periodic
bleeding and the formation of scars. Also an open sore in the lining of the digestive tract
whose major cause is the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori that burrows into stomach
membranes
Cyst - ✔✔a closed sac with a distinct membrane that develops abnormally in a body
structure; usually filled with a semisolid material
Acne Vulgaris - ✔✔inflammation of the sebaceous glands causing papules, pustules,
and blackheads
Athlete's Foot - ✔✔contagious fungal infection that usually affects the feet. The skin
itches, blisters and cracks into open sores
Skin Cancer - ✔✔The most common type of cancer with three different types. Basal cell
carcinoma is cancer of the basal cells in the epidermis. Squamous cell carcinoma affects
the thin cells of the epithelium but can spread. Melanoma develops in the melanocytes
of the epidermis and is the most dangerous.
Dermatitis - ✔✔inflammation of the skin caused by anything that can irritate it
Eczema - ✔✔noncontagious, inflammatory dermatitis caused by an allergen or irritant
Impetigo - ✔✔highly contagious skin infection usually caused by streptococci or
staphylococci and mainly affects children. Symptoms include red lesions on the face
Psoriasis - ✔✔chronic, noncontagious skin disease with periods of exacerbation and
remission. Symptoms include thick, red areas covered with white scales
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, Ringworm - ✔✔is a highly contagious fungal infection of skin or scalp causing flat or
raised circular areas with healthy-looking insides surrounded by itchy, scaly outer rings
Verrucea - ✔✔(warts) is a highly contagious fungal infection caused by HPV with hard,
rounded surfaces that can be removed with cryotherapy
Arthritis - ✔✔inflammation of the joints. Osteoarthritis is the common form which is
usually caused by aging and affects the hips and knees. Rheumatoid arthritis is an
autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue and joints
Bursitis - ✔✔inflammation of the bursae which are small, fluid-filled sacs surrounding
the joints. This usually affects joints most frequently used
Fracture - ✔✔crack or break in the bones that must be properly realigned (reduction)
for healing
Osteomyelitis - ✔✔bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic organism which
causes abscess in the bone and accumulation of pus in the medullary canal
Osteoporosis - ✔✔increased porosity or softening of the bones. A metabolic disorder
caused by a hormone deficiency, prolonged lack of calcium in diet, and a sedentary
lifestyle
Ruptured Disk - ✔✔a herniated disk occurs when intervertebral disks rupture or
protrude causing pressure on the spinal nerve
Spinal Curvatures - ✔✔Kyphosis is a rounded bowing of the back. Scoliosis is a side-to-
side curvature of spine. Lordosis or "swayback" is an inward curvature of lumbar
region
Fibromyalgia - ✔✔chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain with an unknown cause.
Symptoms include muscle stiffness, numbness or tingling in arms or legs
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Edema - ✔✔excess amount of tissue fluid that causes swelling of the tissues
Albino - ✔✔a person with an absense of color pigments
Erythema - ✔✔reddish color of the skin caused by either burns or congestion of blood
in the vessels
Jaundice - ✔✔yellow discoloration of the skin that can inficate bile in the blood as a
result of liver or gallbladder disease
Cyanosis - ✔✔bluish discoloration of the skin caused by insufficient oxygen
Macule - ✔✔(skin eruption) flat spots such as freckles
Papule - ✔✔(skin eruption) firm, raised areas such as pimples and the eruptions seen in
some stages of chickenpox and syphilis
Vesicle - ✔✔(skin eruption) blisters, or fluid-filled sacs, such as those seen in
chickenpox
Pustules - ✔✔(skin eruption) pus-filled sacs such as those seen in acne, or pimples
Crusts - ✔✔areas of dried pus and blood, commonly scabs
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Wheals - ✔✔itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape; hives and insect bites are
examples
Ulcer - ✔✔a deep loss of skin surface that may extend into dermis; may cause periodic
bleeding and the formation of scars. Also an open sore in the lining of the digestive tract
whose major cause is the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori that burrows into stomach
membranes
Cyst - ✔✔a closed sac with a distinct membrane that develops abnormally in a body
structure; usually filled with a semisolid material
Acne Vulgaris - ✔✔inflammation of the sebaceous glands causing papules, pustules,
and blackheads
Athlete's Foot - ✔✔contagious fungal infection that usually affects the feet. The skin
itches, blisters and cracks into open sores
Skin Cancer - ✔✔The most common type of cancer with three different types. Basal cell
carcinoma is cancer of the basal cells in the epidermis. Squamous cell carcinoma affects
the thin cells of the epithelium but can spread. Melanoma develops in the melanocytes
of the epidermis and is the most dangerous.
Dermatitis - ✔✔inflammation of the skin caused by anything that can irritate it
Eczema - ✔✔noncontagious, inflammatory dermatitis caused by an allergen or irritant
Impetigo - ✔✔highly contagious skin infection usually caused by streptococci or
staphylococci and mainly affects children. Symptoms include red lesions on the face
Psoriasis - ✔✔chronic, noncontagious skin disease with periods of exacerbation and
remission. Symptoms include thick, red areas covered with white scales
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Ringworm - ✔✔is a highly contagious fungal infection of skin or scalp causing flat or
raised circular areas with healthy-looking insides surrounded by itchy, scaly outer rings
Verrucea - ✔✔(warts) is a highly contagious fungal infection caused by HPV with hard,
rounded surfaces that can be removed with cryotherapy
Arthritis - ✔✔inflammation of the joints. Osteoarthritis is the common form which is
usually caused by aging and affects the hips and knees. Rheumatoid arthritis is an
autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue and joints
Bursitis - ✔✔inflammation of the bursae which are small, fluid-filled sacs surrounding
the joints. This usually affects joints most frequently used
Fracture - ✔✔crack or break in the bones that must be properly realigned (reduction)
for healing
Osteomyelitis - ✔✔bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic organism which
causes abscess in the bone and accumulation of pus in the medullary canal
Osteoporosis - ✔✔increased porosity or softening of the bones. A metabolic disorder
caused by a hormone deficiency, prolonged lack of calcium in diet, and a sedentary
lifestyle
Ruptured Disk - ✔✔a herniated disk occurs when intervertebral disks rupture or
protrude causing pressure on the spinal nerve
Spinal Curvatures - ✔✔Kyphosis is a rounded bowing of the back. Scoliosis is a side-to-
side curvature of spine. Lordosis or "swayback" is an inward curvature of lumbar
region
Fibromyalgia - ✔✔chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain with an unknown cause.
Symptoms include muscle stiffness, numbness or tingling in arms or legs
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
