Nursing 220 Exam 2025 Questions
and Answers
Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by: -
✔✔elevated blood glucose levels and inability to secrete insulin or use insulin correctly
Hyperglycemia: - ✔✔elevated glucose levels
Diabetes mellitus is caused by: - ✔✔defective insulin secretion
What type of diabetes has no glucose entering the cells: - ✔✔Type I diabetes
The metabolic consequences are more severe in what type of diabetes? - ✔✔Type I
What is the first sign of Type I diabetes: - ✔✔ketoacidosis
The most important goal for medical and nutritional therapy for diabetes: - ✔✔to
maintain blood glucose levels w/in a desirable range
In order to maintain normal glucose levels for diabetes, what % of total kcals should
come from carbohydrates? - ✔✔at least 50%
In order to maintain normal glucose levels for diabetes, how should carbohydrates be
distributed in the diet? - ✔✔daily carbohydrate allowance should be split into meals
and snacks throughout the day
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,In order to maintain normal glucose levels for diabetes, what types of carbohydrates
should make up most of the diet? - ✔✔high-fiber/complex carbs and whole grains
4 Main symptoms of diabetes: - ✔✔1. glycosuria
2. polydipsia
3. polyphagia
4. polyuria
Glycosuria: - ✔✔glucose in urine
Polydipsia: - ✔✔excessive thirst
Polyphagia: - ✔✔excessive appetite/food intake
Polyuria: - ✔✔excessive urine production
4 Minor symptoms of diabetes: - ✔✔-weight loss
-blurred vision
-inc. infections
-fatigue
Diet plan of a woman with gestational diabetes aims to: - ✔✔prevent excessive weight
gain and big glucose level reactions, such as:
-hypoglycemia
-ketoacidosis
Carbohydrates in the diet plan of a women with gestational diabetes should be
restricted to (and distribution): - ✔✔-40-50% of total kcals
-spaced out throughout the day
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Most common type of diabetes, that is often diagnosed and occurs in people over 45: -
✔✔Type 2
Diabetics are more prone to infection b/c they commonly have: - ✔✔-hyperglycemia
-impaired circulation
-depressed immune response
3 acute complications of diabetes: - ✔✔disturbances in energy metabolism by:
1. ketoacidosis
2. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome
3. hypoglycemia
3 features of ketoacidosis: - ✔✔-ketosis: acetone breath
-acidosis: hyperventilation
-hyperglycemia: polyuria
2 Ketoacidosis symptoms in what type of diabetes: - ✔✔(Type 1)
-acidosis (rapid/deep breathing)
-dehydration
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome symptoms in what type of diabetes: -
✔✔(Type 2)
-evolves slowly over one week/longer
-severe hyperglycemia and dehydration leading to fluid and electrolyte imbalances
-infections/illnesses
Hypoglycemia symptoms in what type of diabetes: - ✔✔(Type 2, but mostly Type 1)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
and Answers
Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by: -
✔✔elevated blood glucose levels and inability to secrete insulin or use insulin correctly
Hyperglycemia: - ✔✔elevated glucose levels
Diabetes mellitus is caused by: - ✔✔defective insulin secretion
What type of diabetes has no glucose entering the cells: - ✔✔Type I diabetes
The metabolic consequences are more severe in what type of diabetes? - ✔✔Type I
What is the first sign of Type I diabetes: - ✔✔ketoacidosis
The most important goal for medical and nutritional therapy for diabetes: - ✔✔to
maintain blood glucose levels w/in a desirable range
In order to maintain normal glucose levels for diabetes, what % of total kcals should
come from carbohydrates? - ✔✔at least 50%
In order to maintain normal glucose levels for diabetes, how should carbohydrates be
distributed in the diet? - ✔✔daily carbohydrate allowance should be split into meals
and snacks throughout the day
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,In order to maintain normal glucose levels for diabetes, what types of carbohydrates
should make up most of the diet? - ✔✔high-fiber/complex carbs and whole grains
4 Main symptoms of diabetes: - ✔✔1. glycosuria
2. polydipsia
3. polyphagia
4. polyuria
Glycosuria: - ✔✔glucose in urine
Polydipsia: - ✔✔excessive thirst
Polyphagia: - ✔✔excessive appetite/food intake
Polyuria: - ✔✔excessive urine production
4 Minor symptoms of diabetes: - ✔✔-weight loss
-blurred vision
-inc. infections
-fatigue
Diet plan of a woman with gestational diabetes aims to: - ✔✔prevent excessive weight
gain and big glucose level reactions, such as:
-hypoglycemia
-ketoacidosis
Carbohydrates in the diet plan of a women with gestational diabetes should be
restricted to (and distribution): - ✔✔-40-50% of total kcals
-spaced out throughout the day
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Most common type of diabetes, that is often diagnosed and occurs in people over 45: -
✔✔Type 2
Diabetics are more prone to infection b/c they commonly have: - ✔✔-hyperglycemia
-impaired circulation
-depressed immune response
3 acute complications of diabetes: - ✔✔disturbances in energy metabolism by:
1. ketoacidosis
2. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome
3. hypoglycemia
3 features of ketoacidosis: - ✔✔-ketosis: acetone breath
-acidosis: hyperventilation
-hyperglycemia: polyuria
2 Ketoacidosis symptoms in what type of diabetes: - ✔✔(Type 1)
-acidosis (rapid/deep breathing)
-dehydration
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome symptoms in what type of diabetes: -
✔✔(Type 2)
-evolves slowly over one week/longer
-severe hyperglycemia and dehydration leading to fluid and electrolyte imbalances
-infections/illnesses
Hypoglycemia symptoms in what type of diabetes: - ✔✔(Type 2, but mostly Type 1)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
