PTA - Board Exam 2025 Questions
and Answers
diplopia - ✔✔double vision
Iontophoresis - ✔✔The process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with
the use of electric current
Ultrasound frequency - ✔✔• 1 MHz = 2-3 cm depth
• 3 MHz = 1-2 cm depth
Ultrasound Duty Cycle - ✔✔goals: tissue temp= 100%, continuous
nonthermal= 20%, pulsed (The typical pulse ratios of pulse duration time to pulse rest
time are 1:1 and 1:4) 5 to 10 mins
Ultrasound Intensity - ✔✔Continuous (thermal) Normally set btw .5 to 2.0W/cm2
Pulse (nonthermal) .5 to 075W/cm2 w 20% duty cycle
ultrasound therapy - ✔✔A deep heating modality using high-energy sound waves that
is most effective for heating tissues or deep joints and is performed by a physical
therapist
the application of sound waves to a body area to increase circulation and flexibility as
well as to decrease pain and muscle spasms in that area
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Rine test - ✔✔bone/air conduction hearing
peroneal nerve - ✔✔Motor: Foot Dorsiflexion, Inversion, Eversion
Muscle: Tib. Anterior, Toe Extensors, Peroneals
Sensory: Anterior Leg, Dorsum of Foot
Disorder: Fibular Head Fracture
orthosis - ✔✔externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities
congestive heart failure (CHF) - ✔✔the failure of the heart to pump efficiently, leading
to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs, and systemic circulation.
LDL (low density lipoprotein) - ✔✔"bad" cholesterol
High ratio of lipid to protein
Contributes to cardiovascular disease
Normal 100 mg/dL
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - ✔✔good cholesterol
Normal, more than 60 mg/dL
Syme's amputation - ✔✔surgical removal of the foot at the ankle joint with removal of
the malleoli
transtibial amputation - ✔✔below knee amputation
prolonged hip and knee flexion should be avoided
residual limb would place the knee in extension
congenital limb deficiency - ✔✔Failure of a limb formation or partial limb formation in
utero may lead to amputation
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Ray resection amputation - ✔✔removal of a toe and all or part of the corresponding
metatarsal
Valting gait - ✔✔Heel elevating during stance in combination w knee and hip
extension.
Raise the pelvis in order to to clear the contralateral limb during the swing phase
Antalgic gait - ✔✔involved step length is decreased in order to avoid weight bearing
due to pain
trenderlenberg gait - ✔✔drop of pelvis when lifting leg opposite to weak gluteus
medius
O2 saturation (SaO2) - ✔✔95-100%
Below 90% it may be a sign of hypoxia. If blood oxygen saturation levels fall to 88% or
lower, seek immediate medical attention,
Cardio Biomarkers - ✔✔chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart
attack
Prothrombin Time (PT) - ✔✔test of the ability of blood to clot
Serum Electrolytes - ✔✔To evaluate fluid and electrolyte status. sodium, potassium,
calcium and magnesium
serum cholesterol - ✔✔Cholesterol found in blood
Heart Rate (HR) - ✔✔Normal: 60-100 BPM
Less than 60: bradycardia
More than 100: tachycardia
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
and Answers
diplopia - ✔✔double vision
Iontophoresis - ✔✔The process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with
the use of electric current
Ultrasound frequency - ✔✔• 1 MHz = 2-3 cm depth
• 3 MHz = 1-2 cm depth
Ultrasound Duty Cycle - ✔✔goals: tissue temp= 100%, continuous
nonthermal= 20%, pulsed (The typical pulse ratios of pulse duration time to pulse rest
time are 1:1 and 1:4) 5 to 10 mins
Ultrasound Intensity - ✔✔Continuous (thermal) Normally set btw .5 to 2.0W/cm2
Pulse (nonthermal) .5 to 075W/cm2 w 20% duty cycle
ultrasound therapy - ✔✔A deep heating modality using high-energy sound waves that
is most effective for heating tissues or deep joints and is performed by a physical
therapist
the application of sound waves to a body area to increase circulation and flexibility as
well as to decrease pain and muscle spasms in that area
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Rine test - ✔✔bone/air conduction hearing
peroneal nerve - ✔✔Motor: Foot Dorsiflexion, Inversion, Eversion
Muscle: Tib. Anterior, Toe Extensors, Peroneals
Sensory: Anterior Leg, Dorsum of Foot
Disorder: Fibular Head Fracture
orthosis - ✔✔externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities
congestive heart failure (CHF) - ✔✔the failure of the heart to pump efficiently, leading
to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs, and systemic circulation.
LDL (low density lipoprotein) - ✔✔"bad" cholesterol
High ratio of lipid to protein
Contributes to cardiovascular disease
Normal 100 mg/dL
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - ✔✔good cholesterol
Normal, more than 60 mg/dL
Syme's amputation - ✔✔surgical removal of the foot at the ankle joint with removal of
the malleoli
transtibial amputation - ✔✔below knee amputation
prolonged hip and knee flexion should be avoided
residual limb would place the knee in extension
congenital limb deficiency - ✔✔Failure of a limb formation or partial limb formation in
utero may lead to amputation
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Ray resection amputation - ✔✔removal of a toe and all or part of the corresponding
metatarsal
Valting gait - ✔✔Heel elevating during stance in combination w knee and hip
extension.
Raise the pelvis in order to to clear the contralateral limb during the swing phase
Antalgic gait - ✔✔involved step length is decreased in order to avoid weight bearing
due to pain
trenderlenberg gait - ✔✔drop of pelvis when lifting leg opposite to weak gluteus
medius
O2 saturation (SaO2) - ✔✔95-100%
Below 90% it may be a sign of hypoxia. If blood oxygen saturation levels fall to 88% or
lower, seek immediate medical attention,
Cardio Biomarkers - ✔✔chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart
attack
Prothrombin Time (PT) - ✔✔test of the ability of blood to clot
Serum Electrolytes - ✔✔To evaluate fluid and electrolyte status. sodium, potassium,
calcium and magnesium
serum cholesterol - ✔✔Cholesterol found in blood
Heart Rate (HR) - ✔✔Normal: 60-100 BPM
Less than 60: bradycardia
More than 100: tachycardia
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
