NR283 EXAM 2 LATEST STUDY
GUIDE
arteries
transport blood away from heart
veins
transport blood to the heart
capillaries
microcirculation within tissue
systemic circulation
exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes in tissues
pulmonary circulation
gas exchange in the lungs
function of plasma proteins
osmotic pressure, antibody, and blood clots
,erythrocytes
contain hemoglobin, life span of about 20 days
erythropoietin
produced in the kidney, stimulates erythrocyte production
3 steps of blood clotting (hemostasis)
1. vasoconstriction of vascular spasm after injury 2. platelet clot 3.
coagulation mechanism
Rh+
antigen D in plasma membrane
Rh-
absence of antigen D
anemia
causes a reduction in oxygen transport, basic problem is hemoglobin deficit
, oxygen deficit leads to
less energy production in all cells, tachycardia and peripheral
vasoconstriction-compensation mechanisms
general signs of anemia
fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia, decreased regeneration of epithelial
cells, severe anemia may lead to angina of CHF
iron deficiency anemia
insufficient iron impairs hemoglobin synthesis
etiology of iron deficiency anemia
dietary intake of iron below minimum, chronic blood loss, impaired duodenal
absorption of iron, severe liver disease
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia
general signs of anemia + spoon shaped and ridged nails, brittle hair,
stomatitis, glossitis, menstrual irregularities, delayed healing
pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency)
lack of intrinsic factor, intrinsic factor secreted by gastric mucosa, required
for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12, B12 needed for function of neurons
GUIDE
arteries
transport blood away from heart
veins
transport blood to the heart
capillaries
microcirculation within tissue
systemic circulation
exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes in tissues
pulmonary circulation
gas exchange in the lungs
function of plasma proteins
osmotic pressure, antibody, and blood clots
,erythrocytes
contain hemoglobin, life span of about 20 days
erythropoietin
produced in the kidney, stimulates erythrocyte production
3 steps of blood clotting (hemostasis)
1. vasoconstriction of vascular spasm after injury 2. platelet clot 3.
coagulation mechanism
Rh+
antigen D in plasma membrane
Rh-
absence of antigen D
anemia
causes a reduction in oxygen transport, basic problem is hemoglobin deficit
, oxygen deficit leads to
less energy production in all cells, tachycardia and peripheral
vasoconstriction-compensation mechanisms
general signs of anemia
fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia, decreased regeneration of epithelial
cells, severe anemia may lead to angina of CHF
iron deficiency anemia
insufficient iron impairs hemoglobin synthesis
etiology of iron deficiency anemia
dietary intake of iron below minimum, chronic blood loss, impaired duodenal
absorption of iron, severe liver disease
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia
general signs of anemia + spoon shaped and ridged nails, brittle hair,
stomatitis, glossitis, menstrual irregularities, delayed healing
pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency)
lack of intrinsic factor, intrinsic factor secreted by gastric mucosa, required
for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12, B12 needed for function of neurons
