NR283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
2 STUDY GUIDE WITH DETAILS
Tachycardia
abnormally rapid heart rate - above 100
Bradycardia
abnormally slow heart rate - under 60
preload
volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
Afterload
resistance against which left ventricle pushes blood out
Systole
contraction of heart .... provides increase in pressure to eject blood
Diastole
relaxation of heart.... required for filling chambers
,When is preload increased?
hypervolemia, regurgitation of cardiac valves, heart failure
When is afterload increased?
hypertension, vasoconstriction
What increases when afterload increases?
increase in cardiac workload
What is cardiac output?
Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute:
cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
What is stroke volume?
Volume of blood pumped out of ventricle- contraction
The heart sound, lubb is due to the _________ .
closure of AV valves
, The heart sound, dub is due to the ________.
closure of semilunar valves.
pulse rate
heart rate 60-100 bpm.
What do vasodilators do?
dilates (opens) blood vessels, which allows blood to flow more easily
example: nitroglycerin
What do beta blockers do?
-decrease heart rate and blood pressure
-treat HTN & dysrhythmias
-reduce angina attacks
arteriosclerosis
hardening of blood vessels
Atherosclerosis
plaque build up in the coronary artery causing clots, often leads to MI.
2 STUDY GUIDE WITH DETAILS
Tachycardia
abnormally rapid heart rate - above 100
Bradycardia
abnormally slow heart rate - under 60
preload
volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
Afterload
resistance against which left ventricle pushes blood out
Systole
contraction of heart .... provides increase in pressure to eject blood
Diastole
relaxation of heart.... required for filling chambers
,When is preload increased?
hypervolemia, regurgitation of cardiac valves, heart failure
When is afterload increased?
hypertension, vasoconstriction
What increases when afterload increases?
increase in cardiac workload
What is cardiac output?
Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute:
cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
What is stroke volume?
Volume of blood pumped out of ventricle- contraction
The heart sound, lubb is due to the _________ .
closure of AV valves
, The heart sound, dub is due to the ________.
closure of semilunar valves.
pulse rate
heart rate 60-100 bpm.
What do vasodilators do?
dilates (opens) blood vessels, which allows blood to flow more easily
example: nitroglycerin
What do beta blockers do?
-decrease heart rate and blood pressure
-treat HTN & dysrhythmias
-reduce angina attacks
arteriosclerosis
hardening of blood vessels
Atherosclerosis
plaque build up in the coronary artery causing clots, often leads to MI.
