NRSG 1330 Exam 3 2025 Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
What are physiologic differences in the GI system of infants and adults? - ✔✔- pyloric
sphincter of stomach is more relaxed
- perisaltic waves go in reverse
- stomach is smaller and empties more rapidly
- swallowing is a reflex for the first 3 months of life
- stools are looser due to liquid diet (until the introduction of solids around 4-6 months)
- GI tract secretes less enzymes and fluid
- GI tract more susceptible to infection
- liver is immature and more prone to hypoglycemia
- more prone to dehydration
- no control of defecation or urination (until 2-3 years of age)
How do we assess the GI system of a child? - ✔✔Inspection
Auscultation: normoactive bowel sounds x4Q
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,Palpate: soft or firm, pain or tenderness, masses
Nutrition: tolerance of feedings, emesis and characteristics, projectile, intake, growth,
weight gain
Stools: color, consistency, size, frequency
Family hx: celiac disease, Crohn's
What is a cleft lip or palate? - ✔✔Intrauterine incomplete fusion of the lip and/or hard
or soft palates of the mouth
How is a cleft lip or palate assessed/diagnosed? - ✔✔Before delivery
- ultrasound
After delivery
- inspection
- palpation
- feeding issues (cannot form a complete seal around the nipple)
Are bilateral or unilateral clefts more common? - ✔✔Unilateral
At what age is surgical intervention common for cleft lips and palates? - ✔✔Lips: age 2-
3 mos
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,Palate: age 6-12 mos
What are post-op interventions for cleft lip or palate repair? - ✔✔- monitor pain
- decrease crying episodes
- possible soft board or elbow restraints (infants are likely to be touching an picking at
sutures)
- assess site for infection
- apply antibiotic ointment to the suture line as ordered or indicated
- do not breastfeed or use a bottle, instead use a small pill cup or syringe to give small
sips and decrease tension on the suture line
- encourage mother to continue breastfeeding/pumping and educate on the need for
frequent pumping and bottle feeding breastmilk
What are possible complications of a cleft lip or palate? - ✔✔- speech/language deficits
- *higher risk for ear infections*
- dental issues
What is an inguinal hernia? - ✔✔Intrauterine incomplete closure of the abdominal wall
near the groin
Leads to bulging of the intestines and abdominal contents through the abdominal wall
What are clinical manifestations of an inguinal hernia? - ✔✔- painless swelling, bulging
- coughing, crying, straining
- redness
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, How are inguinal hernias treated? - ✔✔Surgical correction
What are post-op interventions for an inguinal hernia? - ✔✔- positioning
- wound care (the *surgical site will likely be inside the diaper*)
- *activity can resume in 6-8 weeks* (walking, climbing, crawling)
What is intestinal strangulation? - ✔✔A complication of inguinal hernias in which the
intestines become trapped in the protrusion from the abdominal wall and they are
deprived of oxygen
*Very painful, EMERGENCY*
What is an umbilical hernia? - ✔✔Intrauterine incomplete closure of the abdominal wall
near the belly button (umbilicus)
Leads to bulging of the intestines and abdominal contents through the abdominal wall
What are clinical manifestations of an umbilical hernia? - ✔✔- asymptomatic
- swelling/bulging at the belly button
- redness
S/s of severe pain (inconsolable crying, withdrawn position) indicate intestinal
strangulation, *a medical emergency*
How are umbilical hernias treated? - ✔✔Usually self resolve between age 3-5, but
surgical correction is indicated if the hernia pesists after age 5 or if significant
enlargement of the hernia occurs
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
and Answers 100% Pass
What are physiologic differences in the GI system of infants and adults? - ✔✔- pyloric
sphincter of stomach is more relaxed
- perisaltic waves go in reverse
- stomach is smaller and empties more rapidly
- swallowing is a reflex for the first 3 months of life
- stools are looser due to liquid diet (until the introduction of solids around 4-6 months)
- GI tract secretes less enzymes and fluid
- GI tract more susceptible to infection
- liver is immature and more prone to hypoglycemia
- more prone to dehydration
- no control of defecation or urination (until 2-3 years of age)
How do we assess the GI system of a child? - ✔✔Inspection
Auscultation: normoactive bowel sounds x4Q
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Palpate: soft or firm, pain or tenderness, masses
Nutrition: tolerance of feedings, emesis and characteristics, projectile, intake, growth,
weight gain
Stools: color, consistency, size, frequency
Family hx: celiac disease, Crohn's
What is a cleft lip or palate? - ✔✔Intrauterine incomplete fusion of the lip and/or hard
or soft palates of the mouth
How is a cleft lip or palate assessed/diagnosed? - ✔✔Before delivery
- ultrasound
After delivery
- inspection
- palpation
- feeding issues (cannot form a complete seal around the nipple)
Are bilateral or unilateral clefts more common? - ✔✔Unilateral
At what age is surgical intervention common for cleft lips and palates? - ✔✔Lips: age 2-
3 mos
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Palate: age 6-12 mos
What are post-op interventions for cleft lip or palate repair? - ✔✔- monitor pain
- decrease crying episodes
- possible soft board or elbow restraints (infants are likely to be touching an picking at
sutures)
- assess site for infection
- apply antibiotic ointment to the suture line as ordered or indicated
- do not breastfeed or use a bottle, instead use a small pill cup or syringe to give small
sips and decrease tension on the suture line
- encourage mother to continue breastfeeding/pumping and educate on the need for
frequent pumping and bottle feeding breastmilk
What are possible complications of a cleft lip or palate? - ✔✔- speech/language deficits
- *higher risk for ear infections*
- dental issues
What is an inguinal hernia? - ✔✔Intrauterine incomplete closure of the abdominal wall
near the groin
Leads to bulging of the intestines and abdominal contents through the abdominal wall
What are clinical manifestations of an inguinal hernia? - ✔✔- painless swelling, bulging
- coughing, crying, straining
- redness
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, How are inguinal hernias treated? - ✔✔Surgical correction
What are post-op interventions for an inguinal hernia? - ✔✔- positioning
- wound care (the *surgical site will likely be inside the diaper*)
- *activity can resume in 6-8 weeks* (walking, climbing, crawling)
What is intestinal strangulation? - ✔✔A complication of inguinal hernias in which the
intestines become trapped in the protrusion from the abdominal wall and they are
deprived of oxygen
*Very painful, EMERGENCY*
What is an umbilical hernia? - ✔✔Intrauterine incomplete closure of the abdominal wall
near the belly button (umbilicus)
Leads to bulging of the intestines and abdominal contents through the abdominal wall
What are clinical manifestations of an umbilical hernia? - ✔✔- asymptomatic
- swelling/bulging at the belly button
- redness
S/s of severe pain (inconsolable crying, withdrawn position) indicate intestinal
strangulation, *a medical emergency*
How are umbilical hernias treated? - ✔✔Usually self resolve between age 3-5, but
surgical correction is indicated if the hernia pesists after age 5 or if significant
enlargement of the hernia occurs
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
