FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
The urinary system is made up of? - (ANSWER)2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a bladder, and a urethra
What is a nephron? - (ANSWER)Functional units of the kidney
What is the nephron composed of? - (ANSWER)Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and tubules
What are the 7 functions of a kidney? - (ANSWER)Acid/Base balance
Water balance
Electrolyte balance
Toxin removal
Blood pressure regulation
Erythropoietin production
Vitamin D metabolism
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - (ANSWER)Remove waste
Regulates fluid balance, blood volume, electrolytes and acid base balance, synthesize calcitriol
Secrete erythropoietin - stimulates bone marrow to make RBCs
Release renin - increases bp
What is GFR in the 5 stages of kidney disease? - (ANSWER)Stage 1 - Normal function 90+
Stage 2 - Mild reduced 60-89
,FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Stage 3 - Moderately reduced 30-59
Stage 4 - Severely reduced 15-29
Stage 5 - Chronic kidney disease <15
What are the types and stages of kidney failure? - (ANSWER)Acute - sudden, severe, and usually
reversible
Chronic - slow onset, progressive, permanent
What are classic signs of renal failure or uremia? - (ANSWER)Fluid overload
SOB
Hypertension
Proteinuria
What are 3 modalities of treatment for End-Stage Renal disease? - (ANSWER)Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Transplantation
What is the difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? - (ANSWER)Hemodialysis - usually
outpatient setting, can be done at home
Peritoneal dialysis - done in the patients home
, FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - (ANSWER)Patients develop
mild to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching,
pain at the access site, chest pain, rashing, hives, fever.
What are the body fluid compartments? - (ANSWER)Intracellular - inside the cells
Extracellular - outside the cells Intravascular - inside the blood vessels Interstitial - between the cells
Diffusion - (ANSWER)higher to lower concentration
Osmosis - (ANSWER)lower to higher concentration
Ultrafiltration - (ANSWER)Uses both negative and positive pressure to remove excess fluid
Why is water used for dialysis treatment? - (ANSWER)Water contains contaminants, electrolytes, and
impurities. Patients are exposed to large volumes of water during dialysis treatment, removed to protect
patient
What is chloramine and how is it different from chlorine? - (ANSWER)Chloramine - bleach and ammonia
Chlorine - bleach
What is the diasafe filter? - (ANSWER)Found on back of hemodialysis machine that allows for the
delivery of ultrapure dialysate.
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
The urinary system is made up of? - (ANSWER)2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a bladder, and a urethra
What is a nephron? - (ANSWER)Functional units of the kidney
What is the nephron composed of? - (ANSWER)Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and tubules
What are the 7 functions of a kidney? - (ANSWER)Acid/Base balance
Water balance
Electrolyte balance
Toxin removal
Blood pressure regulation
Erythropoietin production
Vitamin D metabolism
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - (ANSWER)Remove waste
Regulates fluid balance, blood volume, electrolytes and acid base balance, synthesize calcitriol
Secrete erythropoietin - stimulates bone marrow to make RBCs
Release renin - increases bp
What is GFR in the 5 stages of kidney disease? - (ANSWER)Stage 1 - Normal function 90+
Stage 2 - Mild reduced 60-89
,FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Stage 3 - Moderately reduced 30-59
Stage 4 - Severely reduced 15-29
Stage 5 - Chronic kidney disease <15
What are the types and stages of kidney failure? - (ANSWER)Acute - sudden, severe, and usually
reversible
Chronic - slow onset, progressive, permanent
What are classic signs of renal failure or uremia? - (ANSWER)Fluid overload
SOB
Hypertension
Proteinuria
What are 3 modalities of treatment for End-Stage Renal disease? - (ANSWER)Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Transplantation
What is the difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? - (ANSWER)Hemodialysis - usually
outpatient setting, can be done at home
Peritoneal dialysis - done in the patients home
, FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - (ANSWER)Patients develop
mild to severe reactions in some cases, usually seen the first half hour of treatment. Sneezing, itching,
pain at the access site, chest pain, rashing, hives, fever.
What are the body fluid compartments? - (ANSWER)Intracellular - inside the cells
Extracellular - outside the cells Intravascular - inside the blood vessels Interstitial - between the cells
Diffusion - (ANSWER)higher to lower concentration
Osmosis - (ANSWER)lower to higher concentration
Ultrafiltration - (ANSWER)Uses both negative and positive pressure to remove excess fluid
Why is water used for dialysis treatment? - (ANSWER)Water contains contaminants, electrolytes, and
impurities. Patients are exposed to large volumes of water during dialysis treatment, removed to protect
patient
What is chloramine and how is it different from chlorine? - (ANSWER)Chloramine - bleach and ammonia
Chlorine - bleach
What is the diasafe filter? - (ANSWER)Found on back of hemodialysis machine that allows for the
delivery of ultrapure dialysate.
