WGU D236 Patho - Megan-Shay’s EXAM
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS, SCORED A+
What .is .the .primary .determinant .of .oncotic .pressure? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Albumin
Form .of .osmotic .pressure .exerted .by .proteins .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Oncotic
.Pressure
What .is .the .difference .between .adult .and .child .immunity? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Naive .T .Cells
Fluid .and .electrolyte .levels .are .regulated .by ._________________, .which
.regulates .actions .such .as .thirst, .ADH, .the .kidneys, .and .RAAS. .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Osmoreceptors
What .are .the .causes .of .dehydration? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-#Excessive .loss
#Inadequate .intake
#Both
What .s/sx .are .associated .with .dehydration? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-#Dry .mucous
.membranes
#Decreased .skin .turgor
#Decreased .urine .output
#Low .blood .pressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak .heart .rate
#Confusion
A .patient .with .a .viral .illness .and .severe .vomiting .has .an .elevated .CO2 .level .and
.pH .of .7.53. .She .is .breathing .slowly. .What .condition .does .she .have? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-Metabolic .alkalosis
The .patient's .pH .and .CO2 .levels .are .both .elevated .(moving .in .the .same
.direction). .This .indicates .metabolic .alkalosis. .The .CO2 .level .is .high .because
.her .respiratory .system .is .attempting .to .compensate .for .the .high .pH .by
.exhaling .less .and .retaining .more .CO2.
Normal .CO2 .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-35-45
Normal .pH .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-7.35-7.45
,Normal .HCO3 .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-22-26
Michael's .pulmonary .edema .leads .to .respiratory .acidosis. .How .does .pH .impact
.Michael's .basal .metabolic .panel? .Choose .3 .answers.
His .CO2 .level .is .increased .because .his .lungs .have .difficulty .removing .it .from
.the .bloodstream.
His .calcium .level .is .reduced .because .the .elevated .concentration .of .H+ .makes .it
.easier .for .Ca+ .to .bind .to .albumin.
His .CO2 .level .is .decreased .because .his .lungs .have .difficulty .adding .it .into .the
.bloodstream.
His .sodium .level .is .decreased .due .to .hypervolemia.
His .K+ .is .elevated .because, .as .H+ .moves .inside .of .cells .in .an .attempt .to .get .it
.out .of .the .bloodstream, .K+ .moves .from .cells .into .the .bloodstream. .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-His .CO2 .level .is .increased .because .his .lungs .have .difficulty
.removing .it .from .the .bloodstream.
His .sodium .level .is .decreased .due .to .hypervolemia.
His .K+ .is .elevated .because, .as .H+ .moves .inside .of .cells .in .an .attempt .to .get .it
.out .of .the .bloodstream, .K+ .moves .from .cells .into .the .bloodstream.
A .hormone .panel .was .done .on .a .patient .with .congestive .heart .failure .and .fluid
.volume .overload. .Which .elevated .hormone .on .the .patient's .chart .is .indicative
.of .the .body's .attempt .to .reduce .the .fluid .overload?
Antidiuretic .hormone .(ADH)
Brain .natriuretic .peptide .(BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-BNP
BNP .is .released .when .fluid .volume .excess .is .present.
Normal .sodium .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-135-145
Hyponatremia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Na .<
.135
Loss .of .energy .or .fatigue
Nausea .and .vomiting
Headache
,Confusion
Muscle .spasms
Low .blood .pressure
Dark .scanty .urine
Irritability, .disorientation .and .neurological .manifestations
Seizures
Hypernatremia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Na .>
.145
Excessive .thirst
Extreme .fatigue
Confusion
Muscle .twitching .or .spasms
Restlessness
Seizures
Normal .potassium .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-3.5-5.0
Hypokalemia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-K .< .3.5
#Muscle .fatigue/cramping
#Nausea, .vomiting, .constipation
#Cardiac .dysrhythmias
#Paresthesia .(numbness/tingling)
Hyperkalemia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-K .>
.5.0
Muscle .weakness/paralysis
Paresthesia .(numbness/tingling)
Cardiac .dysrhythmias
Cardiac .arrest/MI
Normal .calcium .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-8.5-10.5
Hypocalcemia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Calcium .< .8.5
Overexcitability .of .the .muscles
Muscle .twitching
Paresthesia .(numbness/tingling)
Chvostek .and .Trousseau .sign .(twitching .on .the .cheek .when .touched)
Cardiac .dysrhythmias
Hypercalcemia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Calcium .> .10.5
Muscle .weakness
, Loss .of .muscle .tone
Spontaneous .fractures
Kidney .stones
Cardiac .dysrhythmias
Normal .magnesium .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1.6-2.6
Hypomagnesemia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Magnesium .level .< .1.6
Tremors
Hyperreflexia
Insomnia
Muscle .cramps
Irregular .heart .beat
Hypermagnesemia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Magnesium .level .> .2.6
Hyporeflexia
Lethargy
Respiratory .depression
N/V
Slow/Irregular .heart .beat
Tay-Sachs .Disease .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-An .autosomal .recessive .inherited
.genetic .disorder .caused .by .a .recessive .allele .(chromosome .15) .that .leads .to
.the .accumulation .of .certain .lipids .in .the .brain. .Seizures, .blindness, .and
.degeneration .of .motor .and .mental .performance .usually .become .manifest .a .few
.months .after .birth, .followed .by .death .within .a .few .years.
Marfan .Syndrome .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Inherited .autosomal .dominant .trait
.(only .one .abnormal .copy .of .the .Marfan .gene .inherited .from .one .parent) .FBN1
.gene. .Genetic .connective .tissue .disorder .that .can .affect .aorta .and .heart .valve
.structures.
**If .one .parent .has .Marfan .syndrome, .each .child .has .a .50% .chance .of .inheriting
.the .abnormal .gene .and .developing .the .condition. .If .both .parents .have .the
.condition, .the .risk .of .their .child .inheriting .the .abnormal .gene .and .developing
.Marfan .syndrome .increases .to .75%.
Turner .Syndrome .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .chromosomal .disorder .in .females .in
.which .either .an .X .chromosome .is .missing, .making .the .person .XO .instead .of
.XX, .or .part .of .one .X .chromosome .is .deleted.
Underdeveloped .ovaries .(sterile)
Short .stature .(under .4' .7")
Amenorrhea
Webbing .of .the .neck
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS, SCORED A+
What .is .the .primary .determinant .of .oncotic .pressure? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Albumin
Form .of .osmotic .pressure .exerted .by .proteins .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Oncotic
.Pressure
What .is .the .difference .between .adult .and .child .immunity? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Naive .T .Cells
Fluid .and .electrolyte .levels .are .regulated .by ._________________, .which
.regulates .actions .such .as .thirst, .ADH, .the .kidneys, .and .RAAS. .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Osmoreceptors
What .are .the .causes .of .dehydration? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-#Excessive .loss
#Inadequate .intake
#Both
What .s/sx .are .associated .with .dehydration? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-#Dry .mucous
.membranes
#Decreased .skin .turgor
#Decreased .urine .output
#Low .blood .pressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak .heart .rate
#Confusion
A .patient .with .a .viral .illness .and .severe .vomiting .has .an .elevated .CO2 .level .and
.pH .of .7.53. .She .is .breathing .slowly. .What .condition .does .she .have? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-Metabolic .alkalosis
The .patient's .pH .and .CO2 .levels .are .both .elevated .(moving .in .the .same
.direction). .This .indicates .metabolic .alkalosis. .The .CO2 .level .is .high .because
.her .respiratory .system .is .attempting .to .compensate .for .the .high .pH .by
.exhaling .less .and .retaining .more .CO2.
Normal .CO2 .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-35-45
Normal .pH .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-7.35-7.45
,Normal .HCO3 .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-22-26
Michael's .pulmonary .edema .leads .to .respiratory .acidosis. .How .does .pH .impact
.Michael's .basal .metabolic .panel? .Choose .3 .answers.
His .CO2 .level .is .increased .because .his .lungs .have .difficulty .removing .it .from
.the .bloodstream.
His .calcium .level .is .reduced .because .the .elevated .concentration .of .H+ .makes .it
.easier .for .Ca+ .to .bind .to .albumin.
His .CO2 .level .is .decreased .because .his .lungs .have .difficulty .adding .it .into .the
.bloodstream.
His .sodium .level .is .decreased .due .to .hypervolemia.
His .K+ .is .elevated .because, .as .H+ .moves .inside .of .cells .in .an .attempt .to .get .it
.out .of .the .bloodstream, .K+ .moves .from .cells .into .the .bloodstream. .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-His .CO2 .level .is .increased .because .his .lungs .have .difficulty
.removing .it .from .the .bloodstream.
His .sodium .level .is .decreased .due .to .hypervolemia.
His .K+ .is .elevated .because, .as .H+ .moves .inside .of .cells .in .an .attempt .to .get .it
.out .of .the .bloodstream, .K+ .moves .from .cells .into .the .bloodstream.
A .hormone .panel .was .done .on .a .patient .with .congestive .heart .failure .and .fluid
.volume .overload. .Which .elevated .hormone .on .the .patient's .chart .is .indicative
.of .the .body's .attempt .to .reduce .the .fluid .overload?
Antidiuretic .hormone .(ADH)
Brain .natriuretic .peptide .(BNP)
Aldosterone
Renin .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-BNP
BNP .is .released .when .fluid .volume .excess .is .present.
Normal .sodium .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-135-145
Hyponatremia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Na .<
.135
Loss .of .energy .or .fatigue
Nausea .and .vomiting
Headache
,Confusion
Muscle .spasms
Low .blood .pressure
Dark .scanty .urine
Irritability, .disorientation .and .neurological .manifestations
Seizures
Hypernatremia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Na .>
.145
Excessive .thirst
Extreme .fatigue
Confusion
Muscle .twitching .or .spasms
Restlessness
Seizures
Normal .potassium .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-3.5-5.0
Hypokalemia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-K .< .3.5
#Muscle .fatigue/cramping
#Nausea, .vomiting, .constipation
#Cardiac .dysrhythmias
#Paresthesia .(numbness/tingling)
Hyperkalemia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-K .>
.5.0
Muscle .weakness/paralysis
Paresthesia .(numbness/tingling)
Cardiac .dysrhythmias
Cardiac .arrest/MI
Normal .calcium .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-8.5-10.5
Hypocalcemia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Calcium .< .8.5
Overexcitability .of .the .muscles
Muscle .twitching
Paresthesia .(numbness/tingling)
Chvostek .and .Trousseau .sign .(twitching .on .the .cheek .when .touched)
Cardiac .dysrhythmias
Hypercalcemia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Calcium .> .10.5
Muscle .weakness
, Loss .of .muscle .tone
Spontaneous .fractures
Kidney .stones
Cardiac .dysrhythmias
Normal .magnesium .level .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1.6-2.6
Hypomagnesemia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Magnesium .level .< .1.6
Tremors
Hyperreflexia
Insomnia
Muscle .cramps
Irregular .heart .beat
Hypermagnesemia .is .indicated .by .what .lab .result? .S/Sx? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Magnesium .level .> .2.6
Hyporeflexia
Lethargy
Respiratory .depression
N/V
Slow/Irregular .heart .beat
Tay-Sachs .Disease .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-An .autosomal .recessive .inherited
.genetic .disorder .caused .by .a .recessive .allele .(chromosome .15) .that .leads .to
.the .accumulation .of .certain .lipids .in .the .brain. .Seizures, .blindness, .and
.degeneration .of .motor .and .mental .performance .usually .become .manifest .a .few
.months .after .birth, .followed .by .death .within .a .few .years.
Marfan .Syndrome .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Inherited .autosomal .dominant .trait
.(only .one .abnormal .copy .of .the .Marfan .gene .inherited .from .one .parent) .FBN1
.gene. .Genetic .connective .tissue .disorder .that .can .affect .aorta .and .heart .valve
.structures.
**If .one .parent .has .Marfan .syndrome, .each .child .has .a .50% .chance .of .inheriting
.the .abnormal .gene .and .developing .the .condition. .If .both .parents .have .the
.condition, .the .risk .of .their .child .inheriting .the .abnormal .gene .and .developing
.Marfan .syndrome .increases .to .75%.
Turner .Syndrome .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .chromosomal .disorder .in .females .in
.which .either .an .X .chromosome .is .missing, .making .the .person .XO .instead .of
.XX, .or .part .of .one .X .chromosome .is .deleted.
Underdeveloped .ovaries .(sterile)
Short .stature .(under .4' .7")
Amenorrhea
Webbing .of .the .neck
