TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
k k k k k
7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
k k k
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
k k k
Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
k k k k
MULTIPLEkCHOICE
1. Akstudentkiskobservingkakcellkunderkthekmicroscope.kItkiskobservedktokhaveksupercoiledkDNAk
withkhistones.kWhichkofkthekfollowingkwouldkalsokbekobservedkbykthekstudent?
a. Aksinglekcircularkchromosome
b. Aknucleus
c. Free-floatingknuclearkmaterial
d. Nokorganelles
ANS:k B
Thekcellkdescribedkiskakeukaryotickcell,ksokitkhaskhistoneskandkaksupercoiledkDNAkwithinkitsknucl
eus;kthus,ktheknucleuskshouldkbekobserved.kAksinglekcircularkchromosomekcalledkakprokaryotekc
ontainskfree-floatingknuclearkmaterialkbutkhasknokorganelles.
2. Aknursekiskinstructingkthekstaffkaboutkcellularkfunctions.kWhichkcellularkfunctionkisktheknursekd
escribingkwhenkankisolatedkcellkabsorbskoxygenkandkuseskitktoktransformknutrientsktokenergy?
a. Metabolickabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:k D
Thekcell’skabilityktokabsorbkoxygenkiskreferredktokaskrespirationkwhilekitskcommunicationkabilitykinvol
veskmaintenancekofkaks te adNy kdynamickstate,kmetabolickabsorptionkprovidesknutrition,kandksecretionk
allowskforktheksynthesizingkofknewksubstances.
3. AkeukaryotickcellkiskundergoingkDNAkreplication.kInkwhichkregionkofkthekcellkwouldkmostkofkt
hekgenetickinformationkbekcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleuskcytoplasm
ANS:k C
Thekregionkofkthekcellkthatkcontainskgenetickmaterial,kincludingkaklargekamountkofkribonucleickaci
d,kmostkofkthekDNA,kandkDNA-
bindingkproteins,kisktheknucleolus,kwhichkisklocatedkwithinkthekcell’sknucleus.kMitochondriakiska
ssociatedkwithkcellularkrespirationkwhilekribosomeskarekinvolvedkwithkproteinkmanufacturing.kC
ytoplasmkiskakfluidkfillingkthatkiskakcomponentkofkthekcell.
4. Whichkofkthekfollowingkcankremovekproteinskattachedktokthekcell’skbilayerkbykdissolvingkthekl
ayerkitself?
a. Peripheralkmembranekproteins
b. Integralkmembranekproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellkadhesionkmolecules
TESTBANK
,TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
k k k k k
7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
k k k
ANS:k B
Proteinskdirectlykattachedktokthekmembranekbilayerkcankbekremovedkbykthekactionkofkintegralkme
mbranekproteinskthatkdissolvekthekbilayer.kPeripheralkmembranekproteinskresidekatktheksurfacekw
hilekcellkadhesionkmoleculeskarekonkthekoutsidekofkthekmembrane.kGlycoproteinkmarkskcellskand
kdoesknotkfloat.
5. Whichkofkthekfollowingkcankbindktokplasmakmembranekreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicklipids
d. Ligands
ANS:k D
Ligandskarekthekonlykspecifickmoleculeskthatkcankbindkwithkreceptorskonkthekcellkmembrane.
6. Aknursekiskreviewingkakreportkfromkakpatientkwithkmetastatickcancer.kWhatkalternationkinktheke
xtracellularkmatrixkwouldksupportkthekdiagnosiskofkmetastatickcancer?
a. Decreasedkfibronectin
b. Increasedkcollagen
c. Decreasedkelastin
d. Increasedkglycoproteins
ANS:k A
Onlykakreducedkamountkofkfibronectinkiskfoundkinksomektypeskofkcancerouskcells,kallowingkthemk
toktravelkorkmetastasize.
7. Whichkformkofkcellkcommunicationkiskusedktokrelatektokotherkcellskinkdirectkphysicalkcontact?
a. Cellkjunction N
b. Gapkjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightkjunction
ANS:k A
Cellkjunctionskholdkcellsktogetherkandkpermitkmoleculesktokpasskfromkcellktokcell.kGapkjunctionskallow
kforkcellularkcommunicationkbetweenkcells.kNeitherkdesmosomesknorktightkjunctionskarekassociatedk
withkcellularkcommunication.
8. Pancreatickbetakcellsksecretekinsulin,kwhichkinhibitsksecretionkofkglucagonkfromkneighboringk
alphakcells.kThiskactionkiskankexamplekofkwhichkofkthekfollowingksignalingktypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:k A
Paracrineksignalingkinvolveskthekreleasekofklocalkchemicalkmediatorskthatkarekquicklyktakenkup,kd
estroyed,korkimmobilized,kaskinkthekcasekofkinsulinkandkthekinhibitionkofktheksecretionkofkglucago
n.kNonekofkthekotherkoptionskinvolveksignalingkthatkiskassociatedkwithkaklocalkchemicalkmediatork
likekinsulin.
9. Inkcellularkmetabolism,keachkenzymekhaskakhighkaffinitykforka:
a. solute.
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,TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
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b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:k B
Eachkenzymekhaskakhighkaffinitykforkaksubstrate,kakspecificksubstancekconvertedktokakproductkofkt
hekreaction.kCellularkmetabolismkisknotkdependentkonkankattractionkbetweenkankenzymekandkany
kofkthekremainingkoptions.
10. Ankathletekrunskakmarathon,kafterkwhichkhiskmuscleskfeelkfatiguedkandkunablektokcontract.kThekat
hletekasksktheknursekwhykthiskhappened.kTheknurse’skresponsekiskbasedkonkthekknowledgekthatkthe
kproblemkiskresultkofkakdeficiencykof:
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.
ANS:k C
WhenkATPkiskdeficient,kimpairedkmusclekcontractionkresults.kNonekofkthekotherkoptionskarekinvo
lvedkinkmusclekcontraction.
11. WhichkphasekofkcatabolismkproduceskthekmostkATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citrickacidkcycle
ANS:k D N
WhileksomekATPkiskproducedkduringkthekoxidationkandkglycolysiskphases,kmostkofkthekATPkis
generatedkduringkthekcitrickacidkcycle.kDigestionkdoesknotkproducekanykATP.
12. Aknursekiskteachingkthekstaffkaboutkthekphaseskofkcellularkcatabolism.kWhichkphaseskshouldkthekn
ursekinclude?
a. Digestion,kglycolysis,koxidation,kandkthekcitrickacidkcycle
b. Diffusion,kosmosis,kandkmediatedktransport
c. Skphase,kGkphase,kandkMkphase
d. Metabolickabsorption,krespiration,kandkexcretion
ANS:k A
Onlykdigestion,kglycolysis,koxidation,kandkthekcitrickacidkcyclekarekthekphaseskofkcellularkcatabol
ism.
13. Akrunnerkhaskdepletedkallkthekoxygenkavailablekforkmusclekenergy.kWhichkofkthekfollowingkwillkf
acilitatekhiskcontinuedkmusclekperformance?
a. Electron-transportkchain
b. Aerobickglycolysis
c. Anaerobickglycolysis
d. Oxidativekphosphorylation
ANS:k C
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7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
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Whenknokoxygenkiskavailable,kanaerobickglycolysiskoccurs.kThekelectron-
transportkchainkiskpartkofkthekcitrickacidkcycle.kAerobickglycolysiskinvolveskthekpresencekofkoxyg
en.kOxidativekphosphorylationkiskthekmechanismkbykwhichkthekenergykproducedkfromkcarbohyd
rates,kfats,kandkproteinskisktransferredktokATP.kItkisknotkpartkofkmusclekperformance.
14. Akfacultykmemberkaskskakstudentktokidentifykthekappropriatektermkforkthekmovementkofkaksolutekf
romkankareakofkgreaterktoklesserkconcentration.kWhichkanswerkindicatesktheknursingkstudentkund
erstoodkthekteaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatickpressure
d. Activektransport
ANS:k B
Diffusionkiskthekmovementkofkaksolutekmoleculekfromkankareakofkgreaterksolutekconcentrationktoka
nkareakofklesserksolutekconcentrationkthroughkakpermeablekmembrane.kOsmosiskiskthekmovement
kofkwaterkacrosskaksemipermeablekmembranekfromkakregionkofkhigherkwaterkconcentrationktokone
kofklowerkconcentration.kHydrostatickpressurekiskthekforcekofkfluidkagainstk akcellkmembrane.kInka
ctivektransport,kmoleculeskmovekupkakconcentrationkgradient.
15. Whichkdescriptionkaccuratelykdescribeskelectrolytes?
a. Smallklipid-solublekmolecules
b. Largekproteinkmolecules
c. MicronutrientskusedktokproducekATP
d. Electricallykchargedkmolecules
ANS:k D
ElectrolyteskarekelectricallykchaNrged kmolecules.kTheykareknotklipidksoluble,ktheykareknotkmade
upkofkprotein,kandktheykdoknotkplaykakrolekinkATPkproduction.
16. Aknursekiskreadingkakchartkandkseeskthektermkoncotickpressure.kTheknursekrecallskthatkoncotickp
ressurek(colloidkosmotickpressure)kiskdeterminedkby:
a. thekconcentrationkofksodium.
b. plasmakproteins.
c. hydrostatickpressure.
d. thekavailabilitykofkmembranektransporterkproteins.
ANS:k B
Oncotickpressurekiskdeterminedkbykthekeffectkofkcolloidskorkplasmakproteins.kThekconcentrationko
fksodiumkplayskakrolekinktonicity.kHydrostatickpressurekiskthekforcekwithinkakvessel.kMembranektra
nsporterkproteinskarekinvolvedkinkactivektransportkwithinkakconcentrationkgradient.
17. Akpatientkhaskakbodykfluidkofk300kmOsm/kg.kThisklabkresultkiskmeasuring:
a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmotickpressure.
d. oncotickpressure.
ANS:k A
TESTBANK
k k k k k
7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
k k k
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
k k k
Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
k k k k
MULTIPLEkCHOICE
1. Akstudentkiskobservingkakcellkunderkthekmicroscope.kItkiskobservedktokhaveksupercoiledkDNAk
withkhistones.kWhichkofkthekfollowingkwouldkalsokbekobservedkbykthekstudent?
a. Aksinglekcircularkchromosome
b. Aknucleus
c. Free-floatingknuclearkmaterial
d. Nokorganelles
ANS:k B
Thekcellkdescribedkiskakeukaryotickcell,ksokitkhaskhistoneskandkaksupercoiledkDNAkwithinkitsknucl
eus;kthus,ktheknucleuskshouldkbekobserved.kAksinglekcircularkchromosomekcalledkakprokaryotekc
ontainskfree-floatingknuclearkmaterialkbutkhasknokorganelles.
2. Aknursekiskinstructingkthekstaffkaboutkcellularkfunctions.kWhichkcellularkfunctionkisktheknursekd
escribingkwhenkankisolatedkcellkabsorbskoxygenkandkuseskitktoktransformknutrientsktokenergy?
a. Metabolickabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:k D
Thekcell’skabilityktokabsorbkoxygenkiskreferredktokaskrespirationkwhilekitskcommunicationkabilitykinvol
veskmaintenancekofkaks te adNy kdynamickstate,kmetabolickabsorptionkprovidesknutrition,kandksecretionk
allowskforktheksynthesizingkofknewksubstances.
3. AkeukaryotickcellkiskundergoingkDNAkreplication.kInkwhichkregionkofkthekcellkwouldkmostkofkt
hekgenetickinformationkbekcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleuskcytoplasm
ANS:k C
Thekregionkofkthekcellkthatkcontainskgenetickmaterial,kincludingkaklargekamountkofkribonucleickaci
d,kmostkofkthekDNA,kandkDNA-
bindingkproteins,kisktheknucleolus,kwhichkisklocatedkwithinkthekcell’sknucleus.kMitochondriakiska
ssociatedkwithkcellularkrespirationkwhilekribosomeskarekinvolvedkwithkproteinkmanufacturing.kC
ytoplasmkiskakfluidkfillingkthatkiskakcomponentkofkthekcell.
4. Whichkofkthekfollowingkcankremovekproteinskattachedktokthekcell’skbilayerkbykdissolvingkthekl
ayerkitself?
a. Peripheralkmembranekproteins
b. Integralkmembranekproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellkadhesionkmolecules
TESTBANK
,TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
k k k k k
7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
k k k
ANS:k B
Proteinskdirectlykattachedktokthekmembranekbilayerkcankbekremovedkbykthekactionkofkintegralkme
mbranekproteinskthatkdissolvekthekbilayer.kPeripheralkmembranekproteinskresidekatktheksurfacekw
hilekcellkadhesionkmoleculeskarekonkthekoutsidekofkthekmembrane.kGlycoproteinkmarkskcellskand
kdoesknotkfloat.
5. Whichkofkthekfollowingkcankbindktokplasmakmembranekreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicklipids
d. Ligands
ANS:k D
Ligandskarekthekonlykspecifickmoleculeskthatkcankbindkwithkreceptorskonkthekcellkmembrane.
6. Aknursekiskreviewingkakreportkfromkakpatientkwithkmetastatickcancer.kWhatkalternationkinktheke
xtracellularkmatrixkwouldksupportkthekdiagnosiskofkmetastatickcancer?
a. Decreasedkfibronectin
b. Increasedkcollagen
c. Decreasedkelastin
d. Increasedkglycoproteins
ANS:k A
Onlykakreducedkamountkofkfibronectinkiskfoundkinksomektypeskofkcancerouskcells,kallowingkthemk
toktravelkorkmetastasize.
7. Whichkformkofkcellkcommunicationkiskusedktokrelatektokotherkcellskinkdirectkphysicalkcontact?
a. Cellkjunction N
b. Gapkjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightkjunction
ANS:k A
Cellkjunctionskholdkcellsktogetherkandkpermitkmoleculesktokpasskfromkcellktokcell.kGapkjunctionskallow
kforkcellularkcommunicationkbetweenkcells.kNeitherkdesmosomesknorktightkjunctionskarekassociatedk
withkcellularkcommunication.
8. Pancreatickbetakcellsksecretekinsulin,kwhichkinhibitsksecretionkofkglucagonkfromkneighboringk
alphakcells.kThiskactionkiskankexamplekofkwhichkofkthekfollowingksignalingktypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:k A
Paracrineksignalingkinvolveskthekreleasekofklocalkchemicalkmediatorskthatkarekquicklyktakenkup,kd
estroyed,korkimmobilized,kaskinkthekcasekofkinsulinkandkthekinhibitionkofktheksecretionkofkglucago
n.kNonekofkthekotherkoptionskinvolveksignalingkthatkiskassociatedkwithkaklocalkchemicalkmediatork
likekinsulin.
9. Inkcellularkmetabolism,keachkenzymekhaskakhighkaffinitykforka:
a. solute.
TESTBANK
,TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
k k k
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:k B
Eachkenzymekhaskakhighkaffinitykforkaksubstrate,kakspecificksubstancekconvertedktokakproductkofkt
hekreaction.kCellularkmetabolismkisknotkdependentkonkankattractionkbetweenkankenzymekandkany
kofkthekremainingkoptions.
10. Ankathletekrunskakmarathon,kafterkwhichkhiskmuscleskfeelkfatiguedkandkunablektokcontract.kThekat
hletekasksktheknursekwhykthiskhappened.kTheknurse’skresponsekiskbasedkonkthekknowledgekthatkthe
kproblemkiskresultkofkakdeficiencykof:
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.
ANS:k C
WhenkATPkiskdeficient,kimpairedkmusclekcontractionkresults.kNonekofkthekotherkoptionskarekinvo
lvedkinkmusclekcontraction.
11. WhichkphasekofkcatabolismkproduceskthekmostkATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citrickacidkcycle
ANS:k D N
WhileksomekATPkiskproducedkduringkthekoxidationkandkglycolysiskphases,kmostkofkthekATPkis
generatedkduringkthekcitrickacidkcycle.kDigestionkdoesknotkproducekanykATP.
12. Aknursekiskteachingkthekstaffkaboutkthekphaseskofkcellularkcatabolism.kWhichkphaseskshouldkthekn
ursekinclude?
a. Digestion,kglycolysis,koxidation,kandkthekcitrickacidkcycle
b. Diffusion,kosmosis,kandkmediatedktransport
c. Skphase,kGkphase,kandkMkphase
d. Metabolickabsorption,krespiration,kandkexcretion
ANS:k A
Onlykdigestion,kglycolysis,koxidation,kandkthekcitrickacidkcyclekarekthekphaseskofkcellularkcatabol
ism.
13. Akrunnerkhaskdepletedkallkthekoxygenkavailablekforkmusclekenergy.kWhichkofkthekfollowingkwillkf
acilitatekhiskcontinuedkmusclekperformance?
a. Electron-transportkchain
b. Aerobickglycolysis
c. Anaerobickglycolysis
d. Oxidativekphosphorylation
ANS:k C
TESTBANK
, TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
k k k k k
7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
k k k
Whenknokoxygenkiskavailable,kanaerobickglycolysiskoccurs.kThekelectron-
transportkchainkiskpartkofkthekcitrickacidkcycle.kAerobickglycolysiskinvolveskthekpresencekofkoxyg
en.kOxidativekphosphorylationkiskthekmechanismkbykwhichkthekenergykproducedkfromkcarbohyd
rates,kfats,kandkproteinskisktransferredktokATP.kItkisknotkpartkofkmusclekperformance.
14. Akfacultykmemberkaskskakstudentktokidentifykthekappropriatektermkforkthekmovementkofkaksolutekf
romkankareakofkgreaterktoklesserkconcentration.kWhichkanswerkindicatesktheknursingkstudentkund
erstoodkthekteaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatickpressure
d. Activektransport
ANS:k B
Diffusionkiskthekmovementkofkaksolutekmoleculekfromkankareakofkgreaterksolutekconcentrationktoka
nkareakofklesserksolutekconcentrationkthroughkakpermeablekmembrane.kOsmosiskiskthekmovement
kofkwaterkacrosskaksemipermeablekmembranekfromkakregionkofkhigherkwaterkconcentrationktokone
kofklowerkconcentration.kHydrostatickpressurekiskthekforcekofkfluidkagainstk akcellkmembrane.kInka
ctivektransport,kmoleculeskmovekupkakconcentrationkgradient.
15. Whichkdescriptionkaccuratelykdescribeskelectrolytes?
a. Smallklipid-solublekmolecules
b. Largekproteinkmolecules
c. MicronutrientskusedktokproducekATP
d. Electricallykchargedkmolecules
ANS:k D
ElectrolyteskarekelectricallykchaNrged kmolecules.kTheykareknotklipidksoluble,ktheykareknotkmade
upkofkprotein,kandktheykdoknotkplaykakrolekinkATPkproduction.
16. Aknursekiskreadingkakchartkandkseeskthektermkoncotickpressure.kTheknursekrecallskthatkoncotickp
ressurek(colloidkosmotickpressure)kiskdeterminedkby:
a. thekconcentrationkofksodium.
b. plasmakproteins.
c. hydrostatickpressure.
d. thekavailabilitykofkmembranektransporterkproteins.
ANS:k B
Oncotickpressurekiskdeterminedkbykthekeffectkofkcolloidskorkplasmakproteins.kThekconcentrationko
fksodiumkplayskakrolekinktonicity.kHydrostatickpressurekiskthekforcekwithinkakvessel.kMembranektra
nsporterkproteinskarekinvolvedkinkactivektransportkwithinkakconcentrationkgradient.
17. Akpatientkhaskakbodykfluidkofk300kmOsm/kg.kThisklabkresultkiskmeasuring:
a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmotickpressure.
d. oncotickpressure.
ANS:k A
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