PYC 2602
UNIT 1 BASIC CHILD & ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS
Question 1
A critical period in development is …
(a) a stage of development when a specific type of learning can take place; before or after the critical
period that specific learning is difficult or even impossible.
(b) a stage of development where certain external influences may have a maximum effect on
development, but they may also have an effect before or after the critical period.
(c) a form of learning that takes place during a short, early period in life of an organism when
attachment to members of the same species and sometimes to members of some other species occurs.
(d) a synonym for sensitive or optimal periods of development.
(e) a predetermined developmental timetable, without the input or influence from the environment.
The correct answer is:
(1) (a)
(2) (b), (c) & (e)
(3) (a), (c), (d) & (e)
Question 2
Learning theories made valuable contributions to child psychology because they …
(a) regarded culture as an important factor.
(b) paid adequate attention to developmental change.
(c) created an awareness of the significance of environmental factors.
(d) created an awareness of the importance of biological factors.
(e) emphasised the importance of scientific research.
The correct answer is:
(1) (a)
(2) (c) & (e)
(3) (b), (d) & (e)
Question 3
Which of the following statements regarding Nsamenang’s theory are TRUE?
(a) The contextual theories of Vygotsky and Bronfenbrenner are incorporated in his framework.
(b) Child development is a process of gradual and systematic social integration.
(c) Development is conceptualised as the unfolding of physical, cognitive, social and emotional
competencies in order to function optimally in the family and community.
(d) Responsible intelligence (ability to perform roles and tasks correctly) is a sign of the child’s cognitive
and general development.
(e) By incorporating spiritual and ancestral selfhoods, the human life cycle ultimately consists of nine
stages.
The correct answer is:
(1) (a) & (c)
(2) (b), (d) & (e)
(3) All of the above
,Question 4
Piaget’s concept of adaptation refers to the tendency …
(a) of cognitive processes to become more complex.
(b) of cognitive processes to become more systematic and coherent.
(c) that children organise their experiences to make more sense of the world.
(d) that as children gain new experiences they have to deal with information that is in conflict with what
they already know.
(e) of children to strive for a balance.
The correct answer is:
(1) (d)
(2) (c) & (e)
(3) (a), (b) & (e)
Question 5
According to Erikson, the sequential stages of development during childhood and
adolescence are the following:
(1) Basic trust vs. mistrust; Autonomy vs. shame and doubt; Initiative vs. guilt; Industry vs. inferiority;
Identity vs. identity confusion.
(2) Integrity vs. despair; Intimacy vs. isolation; Industry vs. inferiority; Initiative vs. guilt; Basic trust vs.
mistrust.
(3) Basic trust vs. mistrust; Initiative vs. guilt; Autonomy vs. shame and doubt; Identity vs. identity
confusion; Industry vs. inferiority.
Question 6
A developmental theory is defined as …
(1) a set of assumptions about a person’s psychological characteristics.
(2) a related set of statements about people’s mental health.
(3) an organised set of ideas designed to explain development
Question 7
Which of the following can be viewed as function(s) or advantage of theories?
(a) A theory summarises and explains presently known facts.
(b) Theory aims to predict future behaviour.
(c) Theory stimulates new research.
(d) All of the above.
(e) None of the above.
The correct answer is:
(1) (a) & (b)
(2) (d)
(3) (e)
Question 8
Cognitive Developmental psychology studies
(1) how child resolves developmental crises in their lives
(2) how reinforcement and punishment enhance child’s learning
(3) how child thinks and how thinking changes over time
,Question 9
A sensitive period in development is
(a) a stage of development where certain external influences may have a maximum effect on
development, but they may also have an effect before or after the sensitive period.
(b) a stage of development when a specific type of learning can take place; before or after the sensitive
period that specific learning is difficult or even impossible.
(c) a form of learning that takes place during a short, early period in life of an organism when
attachment to members of the same species and sometimes to members of some other species occurs.
(d) a synonym for critical or optimal periods of development.
(e) a predetermined developmental timetable, without the input or influence from the environment.
The correct answer is:
(1) (a)
(2) (b), (c), (d) & (e)
(3) All of the above
Question 10
Which of the following statements is the key assumption of the biological perspective?
(a) Deals with way in which child processes info
(b) Holds belief that biological factors are only determinants of behaviour
(c) Emphasises psychosexual development
(d) Emphasises primary role of heredity, the nervous system and endocrine system in determination of
behaviour
(e) Emphasises psychosocial development
The correct answer is:
(1) (a), (b), (c) & (e)
(2) (d)
(3) All of the above
Question 11
Psychodynamic perspective holds the view that
(a) all forms of behaviour tend to be adaptive
(b) unconscious psychological motives such as drives or urges influence development
(c) nervous system and brain has influence on behaviour
(d) development occurs according to prearranged schema
(e) genetics have influence on behaviour
The correct answer is:
(1) (a) & (e)
(2) (b)
(3) (c), (d) & (e)
Question 12
Which stage of Erikson’s psychosocial theory does primary developmental challenges
involve development of willingness to try new things and to handle failure
(1) trust vs mistrust
(2) industry vs inferiority
(3) initiative vs guilt
, Question 13
Learning theory is criticized because
(a) not take cultural influence into account
(b) not pay adequate attention to developmental change
(c) emphasise influence of environmental factors
(d) not take influence of biological factors into account
(e) not take importance of scientific research into account
The correct answer is:
(1) All of the above
(2) (b), (c) & (e)
(3) (a), (b) & (d)
Question 14
According to Piaget: child starts using language and symbols to represent ideas and
objects during __ stage of cognitive development
(a) concrete operational
(b) preoperational
(c) sensory-motor
(d) formal operational
(e) initiative vs guilt
The correct answer is:
(1) (a), (c), (d) & (e)
(2) (b)
(3) All of the above
Question 15
6 year old Susan knows how to bounce ball, and bounces balls of many different sizes.
She has therefore developed a ball-bouncing _
(a) scheme
(b) stage of development
(c) theory
(d) hypothesis
(e) All of the above
The correct answer is:
(1) (a)
(2) (c)
(3) All of the above
Question 16
According to Piaget: the cognitive developmental of child is based on the following
interrelated principles and processes
(1) ST and LT memory
(2) schemes and equilibration
(3) organisation and adaptation
UNIT 1 BASIC CHILD & ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS
Question 1
A critical period in development is …
(a) a stage of development when a specific type of learning can take place; before or after the critical
period that specific learning is difficult or even impossible.
(b) a stage of development where certain external influences may have a maximum effect on
development, but they may also have an effect before or after the critical period.
(c) a form of learning that takes place during a short, early period in life of an organism when
attachment to members of the same species and sometimes to members of some other species occurs.
(d) a synonym for sensitive or optimal periods of development.
(e) a predetermined developmental timetable, without the input or influence from the environment.
The correct answer is:
(1) (a)
(2) (b), (c) & (e)
(3) (a), (c), (d) & (e)
Question 2
Learning theories made valuable contributions to child psychology because they …
(a) regarded culture as an important factor.
(b) paid adequate attention to developmental change.
(c) created an awareness of the significance of environmental factors.
(d) created an awareness of the importance of biological factors.
(e) emphasised the importance of scientific research.
The correct answer is:
(1) (a)
(2) (c) & (e)
(3) (b), (d) & (e)
Question 3
Which of the following statements regarding Nsamenang’s theory are TRUE?
(a) The contextual theories of Vygotsky and Bronfenbrenner are incorporated in his framework.
(b) Child development is a process of gradual and systematic social integration.
(c) Development is conceptualised as the unfolding of physical, cognitive, social and emotional
competencies in order to function optimally in the family and community.
(d) Responsible intelligence (ability to perform roles and tasks correctly) is a sign of the child’s cognitive
and general development.
(e) By incorporating spiritual and ancestral selfhoods, the human life cycle ultimately consists of nine
stages.
The correct answer is:
(1) (a) & (c)
(2) (b), (d) & (e)
(3) All of the above
,Question 4
Piaget’s concept of adaptation refers to the tendency …
(a) of cognitive processes to become more complex.
(b) of cognitive processes to become more systematic and coherent.
(c) that children organise their experiences to make more sense of the world.
(d) that as children gain new experiences they have to deal with information that is in conflict with what
they already know.
(e) of children to strive for a balance.
The correct answer is:
(1) (d)
(2) (c) & (e)
(3) (a), (b) & (e)
Question 5
According to Erikson, the sequential stages of development during childhood and
adolescence are the following:
(1) Basic trust vs. mistrust; Autonomy vs. shame and doubt; Initiative vs. guilt; Industry vs. inferiority;
Identity vs. identity confusion.
(2) Integrity vs. despair; Intimacy vs. isolation; Industry vs. inferiority; Initiative vs. guilt; Basic trust vs.
mistrust.
(3) Basic trust vs. mistrust; Initiative vs. guilt; Autonomy vs. shame and doubt; Identity vs. identity
confusion; Industry vs. inferiority.
Question 6
A developmental theory is defined as …
(1) a set of assumptions about a person’s psychological characteristics.
(2) a related set of statements about people’s mental health.
(3) an organised set of ideas designed to explain development
Question 7
Which of the following can be viewed as function(s) or advantage of theories?
(a) A theory summarises and explains presently known facts.
(b) Theory aims to predict future behaviour.
(c) Theory stimulates new research.
(d) All of the above.
(e) None of the above.
The correct answer is:
(1) (a) & (b)
(2) (d)
(3) (e)
Question 8
Cognitive Developmental psychology studies
(1) how child resolves developmental crises in their lives
(2) how reinforcement and punishment enhance child’s learning
(3) how child thinks and how thinking changes over time
,Question 9
A sensitive period in development is
(a) a stage of development where certain external influences may have a maximum effect on
development, but they may also have an effect before or after the sensitive period.
(b) a stage of development when a specific type of learning can take place; before or after the sensitive
period that specific learning is difficult or even impossible.
(c) a form of learning that takes place during a short, early period in life of an organism when
attachment to members of the same species and sometimes to members of some other species occurs.
(d) a synonym for critical or optimal periods of development.
(e) a predetermined developmental timetable, without the input or influence from the environment.
The correct answer is:
(1) (a)
(2) (b), (c), (d) & (e)
(3) All of the above
Question 10
Which of the following statements is the key assumption of the biological perspective?
(a) Deals with way in which child processes info
(b) Holds belief that biological factors are only determinants of behaviour
(c) Emphasises psychosexual development
(d) Emphasises primary role of heredity, the nervous system and endocrine system in determination of
behaviour
(e) Emphasises psychosocial development
The correct answer is:
(1) (a), (b), (c) & (e)
(2) (d)
(3) All of the above
Question 11
Psychodynamic perspective holds the view that
(a) all forms of behaviour tend to be adaptive
(b) unconscious psychological motives such as drives or urges influence development
(c) nervous system and brain has influence on behaviour
(d) development occurs according to prearranged schema
(e) genetics have influence on behaviour
The correct answer is:
(1) (a) & (e)
(2) (b)
(3) (c), (d) & (e)
Question 12
Which stage of Erikson’s psychosocial theory does primary developmental challenges
involve development of willingness to try new things and to handle failure
(1) trust vs mistrust
(2) industry vs inferiority
(3) initiative vs guilt
, Question 13
Learning theory is criticized because
(a) not take cultural influence into account
(b) not pay adequate attention to developmental change
(c) emphasise influence of environmental factors
(d) not take influence of biological factors into account
(e) not take importance of scientific research into account
The correct answer is:
(1) All of the above
(2) (b), (c) & (e)
(3) (a), (b) & (d)
Question 14
According to Piaget: child starts using language and symbols to represent ideas and
objects during __ stage of cognitive development
(a) concrete operational
(b) preoperational
(c) sensory-motor
(d) formal operational
(e) initiative vs guilt
The correct answer is:
(1) (a), (c), (d) & (e)
(2) (b)
(3) All of the above
Question 15
6 year old Susan knows how to bounce ball, and bounces balls of many different sizes.
She has therefore developed a ball-bouncing _
(a) scheme
(b) stage of development
(c) theory
(d) hypothesis
(e) All of the above
The correct answer is:
(1) (a)
(2) (c)
(3) All of the above
Question 16
According to Piaget: the cognitive developmental of child is based on the following
interrelated principles and processes
(1) ST and LT memory
(2) schemes and equilibration
(3) organisation and adaptation
