NURS 5315 GI EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT WELL
DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A+
Crohn's disease S&S - ✅✅abd pain, diarrhea, dehydration, bloody stools,
malabsorption, malnutrition, weight loss, intestinal obstruction from chronic
inflammation, fistulas and perforation of the intestine
Diverticular disease - ✅✅Characterized as the presence of diverticula in the
large intestine. Risk factors include older age, genetic predisposition, obesity,
smoking, diet, lack of exercise, ASA and other NSAIDS, altered DI microbiome
and abnormal colonic peristalsis
Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis - ✅✅Diverticula are outpouchings of mucosa from
the muscle layer of the intestine that protrude into the intestinal lumen most
commonly in the sigmoid colon. Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula in an
asymptomatic person. Diverticulitis is an inflammation of diverticula and cause
LLQ pain. Results in abscess formation, rupture and peritonitis
Appendicity - ✅✅Inflammation of the appendix usually in persons 10-19. S&S:
periumbilical pain, RLQ pain, nvd, anorexia. Pain may initially be epigastric or
periumbilical then settle in RLQ. Perforation, peritonitis and abscess formation are
all potential complications
, Small bowel obstruction - ✅✅Most commonly caused by postop adhesions,
tumors, Crohn's disease, hernias and intussusception. SBO causes distention 2nd to
impaired absorption and increased secretions which leads tofluid accumulation and
gas proximal to the ileus. Distention in the intestines decreases their ability to
absorb water and increases secretion of those things.
SBO S&S - ✅✅At the level of the pylorus or higher-->metabolic alkalosis.
Lower in the GI tract -->metabolic acidsis. colicky abdominal pain, n/v, distention,
if dehydrated then hypotension and tachycardia may occur, fever, leukocytosis and
rebound tenderness if ischemia is present. Obstruction of pylorus results in proguse
vomiting of clear gastric fluid. Partial SBO causes diarrhea. Complete SBO causes
constipation and increased bowel sounds
Large bowel obstruction - ✅✅not as common and typically occurs 2nd to a
tumor, but can also be diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease and volvulus.
S&S: hypogastric pain, abdominal distention and vomiting which will occur late
Portal Hypertension - ✅✅Abnormally high blood pressure in the portal venous
system caused by resistance to portal blood flow. Commonly caused by fibrosis,
obstruction from cirrhosis, thrombosis, or narrowing of hepatic portal vein. Most
common S&S is vomiting blood from bleeding esophageal varices.
Ascites - ✅✅accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity and is a complication
of portal hypertension. Cirrhosis is most common cause. S&S: abdominal
DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A+
Crohn's disease S&S - ✅✅abd pain, diarrhea, dehydration, bloody stools,
malabsorption, malnutrition, weight loss, intestinal obstruction from chronic
inflammation, fistulas and perforation of the intestine
Diverticular disease - ✅✅Characterized as the presence of diverticula in the
large intestine. Risk factors include older age, genetic predisposition, obesity,
smoking, diet, lack of exercise, ASA and other NSAIDS, altered DI microbiome
and abnormal colonic peristalsis
Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis - ✅✅Diverticula are outpouchings of mucosa from
the muscle layer of the intestine that protrude into the intestinal lumen most
commonly in the sigmoid colon. Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula in an
asymptomatic person. Diverticulitis is an inflammation of diverticula and cause
LLQ pain. Results in abscess formation, rupture and peritonitis
Appendicity - ✅✅Inflammation of the appendix usually in persons 10-19. S&S:
periumbilical pain, RLQ pain, nvd, anorexia. Pain may initially be epigastric or
periumbilical then settle in RLQ. Perforation, peritonitis and abscess formation are
all potential complications
, Small bowel obstruction - ✅✅Most commonly caused by postop adhesions,
tumors, Crohn's disease, hernias and intussusception. SBO causes distention 2nd to
impaired absorption and increased secretions which leads tofluid accumulation and
gas proximal to the ileus. Distention in the intestines decreases their ability to
absorb water and increases secretion of those things.
SBO S&S - ✅✅At the level of the pylorus or higher-->metabolic alkalosis.
Lower in the GI tract -->metabolic acidsis. colicky abdominal pain, n/v, distention,
if dehydrated then hypotension and tachycardia may occur, fever, leukocytosis and
rebound tenderness if ischemia is present. Obstruction of pylorus results in proguse
vomiting of clear gastric fluid. Partial SBO causes diarrhea. Complete SBO causes
constipation and increased bowel sounds
Large bowel obstruction - ✅✅not as common and typically occurs 2nd to a
tumor, but can also be diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease and volvulus.
S&S: hypogastric pain, abdominal distention and vomiting which will occur late
Portal Hypertension - ✅✅Abnormally high blood pressure in the portal venous
system caused by resistance to portal blood flow. Commonly caused by fibrosis,
obstruction from cirrhosis, thrombosis, or narrowing of hepatic portal vein. Most
common S&S is vomiting blood from bleeding esophageal varices.
Ascites - ✅✅accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity and is a complication
of portal hypertension. Cirrhosis is most common cause. S&S: abdominal
