SHP 509 - Chapter 9 Controls to Reduce Threats to Validity Exam 2025 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

SHP 509 - Chapter 9 Controls to Reduce Threats to Validity Exam 2025 Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is the major purpose of controls in research? - To counteract threats to validity Which of the following is an appropriate control for situations in which there may be questions of objectivity in making observations? - Use several observers to record participants' responses. What is the major reason for careful participant selection? - It enhances external validity Experimenter effects - Arise from the experimenter's detailed knowledge of the experiment What kind of validity is threatened when we cannot generalize results of a study? - External validity What is the most common control for possible subject effects? - Deception What term is used for a sample drawn from an accessible population? - ad hoc sample To which of the following is the term "confounding" applied? - Internal and construct validity 2COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY EMILLY CHARLOTTE, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The double-blind control procedure involves - Having both the experimenter and the participants blind to the assignment of each participant. Placebos are often used in drug studies in order to - enhance double-blind procedures The careful preparation of settings is - a general control procedure In which of the following procedures are ethical issues raised concerning denial of treatment to some participants? - Use of placebos Being able to eliminate many variables is a major advantage of - experimental research Marlatt's balanced placebo design employs a type of - deception The larger population in which we are ultimately interested is called the - target population Extremely high control in laboratory settings - may lead to diminished external validity The single-blind procedure involves - Having the experimenter's assistant, who actually tests each participant, unaware of the hypotheses being tested or the condition under which each participant is tested. Designing an experiment to include some slight, but theoretically meaningful, differences from a previous study is an example of - systematic replication A critical control in experiments is - unbiased participant assignment to conditions Which of the following is essential for a successful control-group design? - That the experimental and control groups be comparable at the start of the study In experimentation, researchers - Use only control procedures that apply to that study In order to counteract threats to validity, it is necessary to employ - control procedures The reduction of extraneous variables is typically an advantage of - laboratory settings 3COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY EMILLY CHARLOTTE, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Creating a laboratory setting that is highly controlled can lead to poor - external validity The extrasensory perception (ESP) research cited in the text is an example of research that has had - confidence in the results decreased due to failure to replicate In a single-blind, control-group procedure - the person testing the participants is blind to the hypothesis and assignment of participants to conditions In a research study, it is most important for the research assistant to be blind to the participant's assignment to experimental conditions during - the collection of the data Which of the following reduces experimenter/participant contact? - automation Multiple observers should be used in psychology when - there are questions about objectivity in making observations Careful participant selection increases - external validity The larger population in which the researcher is ultimately interested is termed - the target population Stratified random sampling employs the use of - subpopulations defined in advance The only control procedure that can control for unknown factors is - randomization Any procedure used by the researcher to counteract potential threats to the validity of the research is called - a control The research setting - is whatever place in which the research occurs By making an effort to create a natural environment in the laboratory, researchers can avoid compromising - external validity Replicating the study by investigating the same problem statement using different operational definitions of the constructs is