Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Final QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. "Normal" psychotic reviews - ANSWER-Some preschool youngsters revel in
temporary hallucinations (visible and tactile are maximum not unusual) and
prognostically benign. Also hypnagogic hallucinations (when falling asleep) or
hypnopompic (while waking up). However these decrease markedly after
approximately age 6-7 years in youngsters.
2. ADHD as opposed to Bipolar symptoms - ANSWER-They percentage in
commonplace irritability, decreased need for sleep, being more talkative, being
hyperactive/ distractible and tasty in excessive danger sports. But simplest with
bipolar disorder does the patient have accelerated temper, grandiosity, racing
thoughts, and elation.
3. Age, gender, and race associated variations in ADHD - ANSWER-· Boys are extra
hyperactive, have extra behavior issues, more ext. Behaviors
· More men are affected (2-nine:1)
- children without insurance obtain much less care in all domain names
- latino and black children are much less likely to be identified with ADHD with the
aid of determine record than white kids
- black youngsters with ADHD are much less probably to receive stimulants than
white children
4. Amygdala and hippocampus and the roles they play - ANSWER-Amygdala: fear and
emotional reminiscence. Hippocampus = growing the ones worried/ emotional
reminiscences
Fear conditioning and learning - associating stimuli with fear response
5. Anorexia vs. Bulimia - ANSWER-Anorexia
Denies unusual eating behavior
Introverted
Turns away food with a purpose to cope
Preoccupation with losing increasingly weight
Bulimia
Recognizes eating behavior as atypical
Extroverted
Turns to meals that allows you to cope
Preoccupation with attaining an "best" but regularly unrealistic weight
6. Attachment theory of depression - ANSWER-insecure early attachment
7. Atypical presentation of baby Bipolar Disorder - ANSWER-Predominant mood
frequently irritable
Irritability may be continual, excessive, violent
, "Complex Cycling"(>80% are speedy cycling)
-Pattern of biking may be ultrarapid(5-364 cyc/yr) or ultradian(>365 cyc/year)
-Ultradian cycling isn't always taken into consideration an episode or cycle of
mania, hypomania, or depression consistent with DSM
-Recall that unstable & labile moods are typical of children < 10 y/o
Comorbidity and family history of bipolar are common (15% of 1st degree
relatives)
Poor treatment response and recurrence
8. Behavioral Inhibition - ANSWER-· Tendency to be unusually timid and show fear &
withdrawal in novel and/ or familiar or unfamiliar social and nonsocial situations
· Withdrawn in just social situations = shy
· Kids who are behaviorally inhibited more likely to have multiple psychiatric
disorders
· Behaviorally inhibited young children have a higher risk of anxiety disorders
· But it does not increase the risk of being insecurely attached as an infant and
vice versa
9. Behavioral theory of depression - ANSWER-inability to obtain reinforcement
10.CD developmental progression model - ANSWER-· ODD is common precursor
· Onset rare after age 16
May progress to ASPD if severe enough (disregard for the rights and safety of
others)
Early Childhood- poor parental monitoring, inconsistent and aggressive
discipline, leads to child conduct problems
Middle Childhood - rejection by normal peers and academic difficulties, leads to
commitment to deviant peer groups
Late Childhood and Adolescence - delinquency
11.Changes in child/adolescent anxiety diagnoses between DSM-IV & DSM-5 -
ANSWER-DSM- 3 only had 3 anxiety disorders: separation anxiety disorder,
overanxious disorder, avoidant disorder
DSM- IV: includes
(1)Separation Anxiety Disorders
(2)Panic Disorder
(3)Specific Phobia
(4)Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder)
(5)Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
(6)Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(7)Acute Stress Disorder
(8)Generalized Anxiety Disorder
12.Clinical course of child/adolescent depression - ANSWER-Median duration: Clinically
referred: 7 - 9 months; community: 1 - 2 months
Predictors of increased duration: depression severity, comorbidity, negative life
events, parental psychiatric disorders, poor psychosocial functioning
, 90% of MDD episodes remit w/in 1-2 years after onset (where remission is 2 weeks
- 2 months with only 1 clinically significant symptom)
≈ 50% relapse
6 - 10% of MDD are protracted
13.Cognitive theory of depression - ANSWER-depressive mindset
14.Consider the both the "positive" and "negative" signs of schizophrenia. Which do you
think best explains the symptoms and impairments of schizophrenia? - ANSWER-I think
that the positive symptoms are the most important hallmarks of schizophrenia
because the negative symptoms can be seen in other psychiatric symptoms such
as depression. Avolition, Alogia, anhedonia and asociality are also hallmarks of
depression. Having hallucinations, as well as thought withdrawal, insertion and
broadcasting, however, are only seen in psychosis.
15.Course and outcome of Eating Disorders - ANSWER-Anorexia: death rates of over 10%
after 10 years, highest mortality rate in psychiatry. Fewer than 25% have a good
psychological outcome (most continue to display some characteristic symptoms of the
illness). Menstruation returns in 40-90% but only after 90% of ideal body weight is
achieved. Psychosocial impairments are typical such as educational, vocational, psych.,
social, and sexual issues. Finally, 20-30% of restricting anorexics eventually develop
binge eating within first 5 years of onset.
16.Bulimia
17.Prognosis of Bulimia is better than Anorexia: 50% recover, 25% improve but still suffer
symptoms, and 25% remain chronically ill
18.Mortality rate due to BN is 1 - 6% after many years follow-up
19.After 10 years, about 2/3 to ¾ of bulimics are in at least partial recovery
20.Relatively few bulimics become anorexic (only about 15% at long-term follow-up)
21.CRAFFT screening tool - ANSWER-Public domain
22.Administered verbally during routine visit
23.6 items
24.C = car with high people?
25.R = use drugs to relax?
26.A = use drugs alone?
27.F = friend/family member think you have drug prob?
28.F = forget or regret what done while high?
29.T = gotten into trouble?
30.Define addiction - ANSWER-a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiologic signs that
indicate compulsive use of a substance and inability to control intake despite negative
consequences (e.G., medical illness, failure in life roles, interpersonal difficulties)
31.Define dependence - ANSWER-upon cessation of drug, an individual experiences
pathological signs and symptoms (e.G., tolerance and withdrawal)
32.Define ODD and CD - ANSWER-· ODD: Oppositional defiant disorder -patterns of
negative moods/behavior. Lasting at least 6 months.
33.O Must exhibit with at least one person who is not a sibling
34.· Whether or not you diagnose a kid is a matter of intensity & frequency of the bad
behavior
Final QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. "Normal" psychotic reviews - ANSWER-Some preschool youngsters revel in
temporary hallucinations (visible and tactile are maximum not unusual) and
prognostically benign. Also hypnagogic hallucinations (when falling asleep) or
hypnopompic (while waking up). However these decrease markedly after
approximately age 6-7 years in youngsters.
2. ADHD as opposed to Bipolar symptoms - ANSWER-They percentage in
commonplace irritability, decreased need for sleep, being more talkative, being
hyperactive/ distractible and tasty in excessive danger sports. But simplest with
bipolar disorder does the patient have accelerated temper, grandiosity, racing
thoughts, and elation.
3. Age, gender, and race associated variations in ADHD - ANSWER-· Boys are extra
hyperactive, have extra behavior issues, more ext. Behaviors
· More men are affected (2-nine:1)
- children without insurance obtain much less care in all domain names
- latino and black children are much less likely to be identified with ADHD with the
aid of determine record than white kids
- black youngsters with ADHD are much less probably to receive stimulants than
white children
4. Amygdala and hippocampus and the roles they play - ANSWER-Amygdala: fear and
emotional reminiscence. Hippocampus = growing the ones worried/ emotional
reminiscences
Fear conditioning and learning - associating stimuli with fear response
5. Anorexia vs. Bulimia - ANSWER-Anorexia
Denies unusual eating behavior
Introverted
Turns away food with a purpose to cope
Preoccupation with losing increasingly weight
Bulimia
Recognizes eating behavior as atypical
Extroverted
Turns to meals that allows you to cope
Preoccupation with attaining an "best" but regularly unrealistic weight
6. Attachment theory of depression - ANSWER-insecure early attachment
7. Atypical presentation of baby Bipolar Disorder - ANSWER-Predominant mood
frequently irritable
Irritability may be continual, excessive, violent
, "Complex Cycling"(>80% are speedy cycling)
-Pattern of biking may be ultrarapid(5-364 cyc/yr) or ultradian(>365 cyc/year)
-Ultradian cycling isn't always taken into consideration an episode or cycle of
mania, hypomania, or depression consistent with DSM
-Recall that unstable & labile moods are typical of children < 10 y/o
Comorbidity and family history of bipolar are common (15% of 1st degree
relatives)
Poor treatment response and recurrence
8. Behavioral Inhibition - ANSWER-· Tendency to be unusually timid and show fear &
withdrawal in novel and/ or familiar or unfamiliar social and nonsocial situations
· Withdrawn in just social situations = shy
· Kids who are behaviorally inhibited more likely to have multiple psychiatric
disorders
· Behaviorally inhibited young children have a higher risk of anxiety disorders
· But it does not increase the risk of being insecurely attached as an infant and
vice versa
9. Behavioral theory of depression - ANSWER-inability to obtain reinforcement
10.CD developmental progression model - ANSWER-· ODD is common precursor
· Onset rare after age 16
May progress to ASPD if severe enough (disregard for the rights and safety of
others)
Early Childhood- poor parental monitoring, inconsistent and aggressive
discipline, leads to child conduct problems
Middle Childhood - rejection by normal peers and academic difficulties, leads to
commitment to deviant peer groups
Late Childhood and Adolescence - delinquency
11.Changes in child/adolescent anxiety diagnoses between DSM-IV & DSM-5 -
ANSWER-DSM- 3 only had 3 anxiety disorders: separation anxiety disorder,
overanxious disorder, avoidant disorder
DSM- IV: includes
(1)Separation Anxiety Disorders
(2)Panic Disorder
(3)Specific Phobia
(4)Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder)
(5)Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
(6)Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(7)Acute Stress Disorder
(8)Generalized Anxiety Disorder
12.Clinical course of child/adolescent depression - ANSWER-Median duration: Clinically
referred: 7 - 9 months; community: 1 - 2 months
Predictors of increased duration: depression severity, comorbidity, negative life
events, parental psychiatric disorders, poor psychosocial functioning
, 90% of MDD episodes remit w/in 1-2 years after onset (where remission is 2 weeks
- 2 months with only 1 clinically significant symptom)
≈ 50% relapse
6 - 10% of MDD are protracted
13.Cognitive theory of depression - ANSWER-depressive mindset
14.Consider the both the "positive" and "negative" signs of schizophrenia. Which do you
think best explains the symptoms and impairments of schizophrenia? - ANSWER-I think
that the positive symptoms are the most important hallmarks of schizophrenia
because the negative symptoms can be seen in other psychiatric symptoms such
as depression. Avolition, Alogia, anhedonia and asociality are also hallmarks of
depression. Having hallucinations, as well as thought withdrawal, insertion and
broadcasting, however, are only seen in psychosis.
15.Course and outcome of Eating Disorders - ANSWER-Anorexia: death rates of over 10%
after 10 years, highest mortality rate in psychiatry. Fewer than 25% have a good
psychological outcome (most continue to display some characteristic symptoms of the
illness). Menstruation returns in 40-90% but only after 90% of ideal body weight is
achieved. Psychosocial impairments are typical such as educational, vocational, psych.,
social, and sexual issues. Finally, 20-30% of restricting anorexics eventually develop
binge eating within first 5 years of onset.
16.Bulimia
17.Prognosis of Bulimia is better than Anorexia: 50% recover, 25% improve but still suffer
symptoms, and 25% remain chronically ill
18.Mortality rate due to BN is 1 - 6% after many years follow-up
19.After 10 years, about 2/3 to ¾ of bulimics are in at least partial recovery
20.Relatively few bulimics become anorexic (only about 15% at long-term follow-up)
21.CRAFFT screening tool - ANSWER-Public domain
22.Administered verbally during routine visit
23.6 items
24.C = car with high people?
25.R = use drugs to relax?
26.A = use drugs alone?
27.F = friend/family member think you have drug prob?
28.F = forget or regret what done while high?
29.T = gotten into trouble?
30.Define addiction - ANSWER-a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiologic signs that
indicate compulsive use of a substance and inability to control intake despite negative
consequences (e.G., medical illness, failure in life roles, interpersonal difficulties)
31.Define dependence - ANSWER-upon cessation of drug, an individual experiences
pathological signs and symptoms (e.G., tolerance and withdrawal)
32.Define ODD and CD - ANSWER-· ODD: Oppositional defiant disorder -patterns of
negative moods/behavior. Lasting at least 6 months.
33.O Must exhibit with at least one person who is not a sibling
34.· Whether or not you diagnose a kid is a matter of intensity & frequency of the bad
behavior
