AQA GCSE Combined Science Physics - Paper 2
3 things that could happen when a wave meets a boundary between two materials : - ANS -- The wave is *transmitted*
through the material - carries on travelling
- The wave is *absorbed* by the material
- The wave is *reflected* - 'sent back' - this is how echoes are produced
\3 ways to increase the magnetic field produced by a solenoid - ANS -- Increase the current
- Increase the number of coils in the wire
- Place a piece of Iron inside the solenoid (iron core)
\A force is - ANS -a push or pull on an object that is caused by it interacting with something
\A solenoid with an iron core is called an ? - ANS -electromagnet
\Acceleration - ANS -change in velocity in a certain amount of time
\amplitude - ANS -The amplitude of a wave is the greatest distance a point on the wave moves from its undisturbed
position
\At one time in the investigation, the cyclist was distracted.
The distraction increased the stopping distance of the bike but did not affect the braking distance
Explain why the stopping distance increased - ANS -The cyclist's reaction time increased (1)
The thinking distance increased (1)
Stopping distance is thinking distance plus braking distance (1)
\Compression - ANS -regions where the air particles are very close together
\Dangers of EM waves - ANS -Low frequency e.g radio waves = not harmful - pass through soft tissue without being
absorbed
High frequency e.g gamma rays transfer lots of energy = lots of damage
X- rays + Gamma rays = ionising radiation = gene mutation/cell destruction, and cancer
- Radiation Dose = measured in *Sieverts* = measure risk of harm from body being exposed to radiation
\DC Commnicators - ANS -Forces act on the two side arms of a coil of wire that's carrying a current - the usual forces
which act on any current in a magnetic field
, Since one coil is on a spindle, it rotates as the forces act one up & one down
The split-ring commutator swaps the contacts every half turn to keep the motor rotating in the same direction
The direction of the motor can be reversed by swapping the polarity of the dc supply (reversing the current) or swapping
the magnetic poles over (reversing the field)
\Describe how Newtons third law applies to the forces between the bike and the trailer - ANS -The forces of the bike on
the trailer and the trailer on the bike are equal in size and opposite in direction
\Describe how radio waves can be produced - ANS -Produced by alternating currents/oscillations of charged particles in
electrical circuits
\Distance-Time Graphs - Features - ANS -1) Gradient = speed
2) Flat sections = object is stationary
3) Straight uphill sections = object is travelling at a steady speed
4) Curves = object is accelerating or decelerating
5) Steepening curve = object is speeding up
6) Levelling off curve = object is slowing down
\Electromagnets are extremely useful as ? - ANS -you can change the strength of the magnetic field by changing the size
of current and you can turn the electromagnet on or off
\EM continuous spectrum - ANS -1) Radio waves
2) Microwaves
3) Infrared waves
4) Visible light rays
5) Ultraviolet waves
6) X-rays
7) Gamma rays
\Equation for 'Work Done' - ANS -Work done (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
W=Fs
\Equation for Acceleration - ANS -Acceleration (m/s²) = Change in Velocity (m/s) / Time (s)
a=Δv/t
\Equation for Elastic potential energy - ANS -Elastic potential energy (J) = 1/2 x Spring Constant (N/m) x extension^2 (m)
Ee = 1/2Ke^2
3 things that could happen when a wave meets a boundary between two materials : - ANS -- The wave is *transmitted*
through the material - carries on travelling
- The wave is *absorbed* by the material
- The wave is *reflected* - 'sent back' - this is how echoes are produced
\3 ways to increase the magnetic field produced by a solenoid - ANS -- Increase the current
- Increase the number of coils in the wire
- Place a piece of Iron inside the solenoid (iron core)
\A force is - ANS -a push or pull on an object that is caused by it interacting with something
\A solenoid with an iron core is called an ? - ANS -electromagnet
\Acceleration - ANS -change in velocity in a certain amount of time
\amplitude - ANS -The amplitude of a wave is the greatest distance a point on the wave moves from its undisturbed
position
\At one time in the investigation, the cyclist was distracted.
The distraction increased the stopping distance of the bike but did not affect the braking distance
Explain why the stopping distance increased - ANS -The cyclist's reaction time increased (1)
The thinking distance increased (1)
Stopping distance is thinking distance plus braking distance (1)
\Compression - ANS -regions where the air particles are very close together
\Dangers of EM waves - ANS -Low frequency e.g radio waves = not harmful - pass through soft tissue without being
absorbed
High frequency e.g gamma rays transfer lots of energy = lots of damage
X- rays + Gamma rays = ionising radiation = gene mutation/cell destruction, and cancer
- Radiation Dose = measured in *Sieverts* = measure risk of harm from body being exposed to radiation
\DC Commnicators - ANS -Forces act on the two side arms of a coil of wire that's carrying a current - the usual forces
which act on any current in a magnetic field
, Since one coil is on a spindle, it rotates as the forces act one up & one down
The split-ring commutator swaps the contacts every half turn to keep the motor rotating in the same direction
The direction of the motor can be reversed by swapping the polarity of the dc supply (reversing the current) or swapping
the magnetic poles over (reversing the field)
\Describe how Newtons third law applies to the forces between the bike and the trailer - ANS -The forces of the bike on
the trailer and the trailer on the bike are equal in size and opposite in direction
\Describe how radio waves can be produced - ANS -Produced by alternating currents/oscillations of charged particles in
electrical circuits
\Distance-Time Graphs - Features - ANS -1) Gradient = speed
2) Flat sections = object is stationary
3) Straight uphill sections = object is travelling at a steady speed
4) Curves = object is accelerating or decelerating
5) Steepening curve = object is speeding up
6) Levelling off curve = object is slowing down
\Electromagnets are extremely useful as ? - ANS -you can change the strength of the magnetic field by changing the size
of current and you can turn the electromagnet on or off
\EM continuous spectrum - ANS -1) Radio waves
2) Microwaves
3) Infrared waves
4) Visible light rays
5) Ultraviolet waves
6) X-rays
7) Gamma rays
\Equation for 'Work Done' - ANS -Work done (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
W=Fs
\Equation for Acceleration - ANS -Acceleration (m/s²) = Change in Velocity (m/s) / Time (s)
a=Δv/t
\Equation for Elastic potential energy - ANS -Elastic potential energy (J) = 1/2 x Spring Constant (N/m) x extension^2 (m)
Ee = 1/2Ke^2
