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33 to 35 mya
North America and Europe were connected to one another during Paleocene and
Eocene. Explains geographical distribution of early primates.
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Cenozoic Era
upper paleolithic tools
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blade tools and spear-thrower (atlatl)
shape of foot
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Pedal evidence of hominin bipedality
temporal association of species
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Biostratigraphy
brain weight/(11.22*body weight(kg)^0.76)
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, relative cranial capacity
Acheulian, hand held tools were used for a variety of tasks
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skinning, slicing, digging
Late Miocene and Pilocene are in Africa
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All early hominin fossil sites from
10,000 ya to present
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Holocene (Recent)
significances of differences in cranial and molar size between earliest Homo and
Paranthropus
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, Principle of Competitive exclusion
earliest definitive anthropoids are dated to the Oligocene (actually, dated to terminal
part of Eocene)
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Oligocene
15-5 mya (Sivapithecus)
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Asian taxa
Importance of Africa in human evolution
-Hominins originated in Africa
-Homo originated in Africa
-H. erectus originated in Africa
H. erectus later migrated to Asia and Europe
-Based on Complete Replacement or Partial Replacement models, H. sapiens (amh)
originated in Africa
H. sapiens then migrated from Africa and replaced all indigenous Neandertals and
other pre-modern humans
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