PSY3051 Exam Revision - Judgement and Reasoning Complete Questions And Answers Verified Correct Answers.

judgement - correct answer mental processes by which we come to form beliefs about the world around us - often a precursor to decision-making. > many judgements are formed on the basis of heuristics. availability heuristic - correct answer estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common. representative heuristic - correct answer the assumption that any object (or person) sharing characteristics with the members of a particular category is also a member of that category. anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic - correct answer Occurs when an individual needs to adjust an initial guess or offer. probability distortion - correct answer tendency to over-weight relatively rare events in decision making and under-weight relatively common events. illusory correlations - correct answer the perception of a relationship where none exists; e.g. stereotypes are an illusory correlation between a social group and certain attributes. confirmation bias - correct answer tendency to seek out and interpret information in a way that confirms a statement or hypothesis. base-rate neglect - correct answer the tendency to ignore underlying probabilities when considering event likelihood. reasoning - correct answer the way in which we draw inferences and conclusions about the world. deductive reasoning - correct answer reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case. > essentially based on logic. inductive reasoning - correct answer process of drawing general conclusions from specific observations. abductive reasoning - correct answer involves using specific observations to generate a hypothesis about a specific case and proceeding to the likeliest possible explanation.