AFAA Personal Trainer Certification
Study Guide Questions AndANSWERs
Glycolysis - ANSWER a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars
through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for
the body in the form of ATP
Female Athlete Triad - ANSWER amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and eating disorders;
when left untreated they damage the musculoskeletal and reproductive systems
Adipose Tissue - ANSWER a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a
source of energy
Resting Metabolic Rate - ANSWER accounts for 60-75% of daily expenditure and is
higher in individuals with a high percentage of lean body mass
Lean Body Mass - ANSWER structural and functional elements in cells, body water,
muscle, bones, and other organs (anything that is not fat)
Self-Efficacy - ANSWER inner confidence that a person has that he or she will be able
to accomplish a task
Approach Goals - ANSWER yield more positive results because positive outcomes are
emphasised often yielding happy moments
Avoidance Goals - ANSWER may result in anxiety, depression, and less enjoyment,
even if the goal is achieved
Resting Heart Rate - ANSWER Obtained first thing in the morning when you are
completely relaxed but conscious, before getting out of bed
Resting Blood Pressure - ANSWER What test may require that it can only be taken by
licensed health care providers?
biceps - ANSWER opposing muscles of the triceps
triceps - ANSWER opposing muscles of the biceps
,anterior medial deltoids - ANSWER opposing muscles of the latissimus dorsi latissmus
dorsi - ANSWER opposing muscles of the anterior medial deltoids
pectoralis major - ANSWER opposing muscles of the posterior deltoid, mid-trapezius,
and rhomboids
Mitochondria - ANSWER a subcellular structure where oxidation takes place
Beta oxidation - ANSWER A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-
carbon fragments that enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA.
Krebs cycle - ANSWER the acetyl CoA formed in the first component of aerobic
metabolism enters into the citric acid cycle
Electron transport system - ANSWER the final sequence of reactions in the aerobic
production of ATP
Maximal oxygen uptake - ANSWER the maximum amount of oxygen consumed and
utilized by the body during an all-out effort to exhaustion
Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption - ANSWER additional oxygen consumed
immediately after an exercise bout when the body is no longer exercising
Sarcomere - ANSWER each section of a myofibril in muscle
Actin - ANSWER structural protein that makes up the thin filaments of myofibrils;
functions in muscle contraction
Anatomical Position - ANSWER standing position with hands down and palms facing
forward
Supine - ANSWER lying on the spine
Prone - ANSWER lying face down
Axial Skeleton - ANSWER part of the skeleton that contains skull, vertebral column,
ribs, and sternum
Synovial joints - ANSWER have a small space between the articulating bones that
, allows for a greater range of motion
Cartilage - ANSWER a white, semi-opaque, fibrous connective tissue that cushions the
joints and prevents wear on the joint surfaces
Synovial membrane - ANSWER secretes synovial fluid which provides nourishment,
lubrication, and hydrotastic cushioning for the joint
Bursae - ANSWER liquid-filled membranes that protect soft tissues as they pass by
bony projections
Ligament - ANSWER band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone and provides
joint stability.
Tendon - ANSWER dense, fibrous connective tissue that forms the end of a muscle
and attaches muscle to bone
Fascia - ANSWER fibrous connective tissue that forms sheaths for individual muscles.
Circuit Weight Training - ANSWER resistance exercises performed one after the other
without rest for approximately 20 minutes
Muscular Strength - ANSWER maximum force a muscle or muscle group can generate
at one time
Muscle Endurance - ANSWER capacity to sustain repeated muscle actions, as in push-
ups or sit ups, or sustain fixed, static muscle actions for an extended period of time
Muscle Power - ANSWER explosive aspect of strength, is the product of strength and
speed of movement
Muscle Stability - ANSWER ability of a muscle or muscle group to stabilize a joint and
maintain its position without movement. (to perform a sustained isometric contraction)
Muscle hypertrophy - ANSWER an increase in the muscle fiber size, specifically an
increased cross-sectional area resulting from increased myofibrilis
Overload Principle - ANSWER increasing the intensity (resistance), frequency, or
duration of the training above the levels normally expected
Study Guide Questions AndANSWERs
Glycolysis - ANSWER a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars
through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for
the body in the form of ATP
Female Athlete Triad - ANSWER amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and eating disorders;
when left untreated they damage the musculoskeletal and reproductive systems
Adipose Tissue - ANSWER a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a
source of energy
Resting Metabolic Rate - ANSWER accounts for 60-75% of daily expenditure and is
higher in individuals with a high percentage of lean body mass
Lean Body Mass - ANSWER structural and functional elements in cells, body water,
muscle, bones, and other organs (anything that is not fat)
Self-Efficacy - ANSWER inner confidence that a person has that he or she will be able
to accomplish a task
Approach Goals - ANSWER yield more positive results because positive outcomes are
emphasised often yielding happy moments
Avoidance Goals - ANSWER may result in anxiety, depression, and less enjoyment,
even if the goal is achieved
Resting Heart Rate - ANSWER Obtained first thing in the morning when you are
completely relaxed but conscious, before getting out of bed
Resting Blood Pressure - ANSWER What test may require that it can only be taken by
licensed health care providers?
biceps - ANSWER opposing muscles of the triceps
triceps - ANSWER opposing muscles of the biceps
,anterior medial deltoids - ANSWER opposing muscles of the latissimus dorsi latissmus
dorsi - ANSWER opposing muscles of the anterior medial deltoids
pectoralis major - ANSWER opposing muscles of the posterior deltoid, mid-trapezius,
and rhomboids
Mitochondria - ANSWER a subcellular structure where oxidation takes place
Beta oxidation - ANSWER A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-
carbon fragments that enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA.
Krebs cycle - ANSWER the acetyl CoA formed in the first component of aerobic
metabolism enters into the citric acid cycle
Electron transport system - ANSWER the final sequence of reactions in the aerobic
production of ATP
Maximal oxygen uptake - ANSWER the maximum amount of oxygen consumed and
utilized by the body during an all-out effort to exhaustion
Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption - ANSWER additional oxygen consumed
immediately after an exercise bout when the body is no longer exercising
Sarcomere - ANSWER each section of a myofibril in muscle
Actin - ANSWER structural protein that makes up the thin filaments of myofibrils;
functions in muscle contraction
Anatomical Position - ANSWER standing position with hands down and palms facing
forward
Supine - ANSWER lying on the spine
Prone - ANSWER lying face down
Axial Skeleton - ANSWER part of the skeleton that contains skull, vertebral column,
ribs, and sternum
Synovial joints - ANSWER have a small space between the articulating bones that
, allows for a greater range of motion
Cartilage - ANSWER a white, semi-opaque, fibrous connective tissue that cushions the
joints and prevents wear on the joint surfaces
Synovial membrane - ANSWER secretes synovial fluid which provides nourishment,
lubrication, and hydrotastic cushioning for the joint
Bursae - ANSWER liquid-filled membranes that protect soft tissues as they pass by
bony projections
Ligament - ANSWER band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone and provides
joint stability.
Tendon - ANSWER dense, fibrous connective tissue that forms the end of a muscle
and attaches muscle to bone
Fascia - ANSWER fibrous connective tissue that forms sheaths for individual muscles.
Circuit Weight Training - ANSWER resistance exercises performed one after the other
without rest for approximately 20 minutes
Muscular Strength - ANSWER maximum force a muscle or muscle group can generate
at one time
Muscle Endurance - ANSWER capacity to sustain repeated muscle actions, as in push-
ups or sit ups, or sustain fixed, static muscle actions for an extended period of time
Muscle Power - ANSWER explosive aspect of strength, is the product of strength and
speed of movement
Muscle Stability - ANSWER ability of a muscle or muscle group to stabilize a joint and
maintain its position without movement. (to perform a sustained isometric contraction)
Muscle hypertrophy - ANSWER an increase in the muscle fiber size, specifically an
increased cross-sectional area resulting from increased myofibrilis
Overload Principle - ANSWER increasing the intensity (resistance), frequency, or
duration of the training above the levels normally expected
