Solution Manual 64
Employment Law for Business, 10th Editio
64 64 64 64 64
n,
Dawn Bennett-Alexander, Chapters 1 -
64 64 64 64
16
64
,TABLE64OF64CONTENTS
Chapter64164The64Regulation64of64Employment
Chapter64264The64Employment64Law64Toolkit:64Resources64for64Understanding64the64Law6 4 and6
4Recurring64Legal64Concepts
Chapter64364Title64VII64of64the64Civil64Rights64Act64of641964
Chapter64464Legal64Construction64of64the64Employment64Environment6 4 Chapter6456
4Affirmative64Action
Chapter64664Race64and64Color64Discrimination6 4
Chapter64764National64Origin64Discrimination6 4 C
hapter64864Gender64Discrimination646 4 Chapter64
964Sexual64Harassment
Chapter641064Sexual64Orientation64and64Gender64Identity64Discrimination6 4 Chapt
er641164Religious64Discrimination
Chapter641264Age64Discrimination6 4 Chapter6
41364Disability64Discrimination
Chapter641464The64Employee’s64Right64to64Privacy64and64Management64of64Personal
Information
Chapter641564Labor64Law64857
Chapter641664Selected64Employment64Benefits64and64Protections
Chapter641
, The64Regulation64of64Employment
Chapter64Objective
The64student64is64introduced64to64the64regulatory64environment64of64the64employment64relation
ship.64The6 4 chapter64examines64whether64regulation64is64actually64necessary64or64beneficial6
4or64if,64perhaps,64the6 4 relationship64would64fare64better64with64less64governmental64intervent
ion.64The64concepts64of64―freedom‖64to6 4 contract64in64the64regulatory64employment64enviro
nment64and64non-
compete64agreements64are64discussed.6 4 Since64the64regulations64and64case64law64discussed6
4in64 this64text64rely64on64an64 individual‘s64classification64 as64 an6 4 employer64or64an64employ
ee,64those64definitions64are64delineated64and64explored.
Learning64Objectives
(Click64on64the64icon64following64the64learning64objective64to64be64linked64to64the64location64in64
the64outlinewhere64the64chapter6 4 addresses64that64particular64objective.)
At64the64conclusion64of64this64chapter,64the64students64should64be64able64to:
1. Describe64the64balance64between64the64freedom64to64contract64and64the64curre
nt64regulatory6 4 environment64for64employment.64
2. Identify64who64is64subject64to64which64employment64laws64and64understand64the64implicati
on64of64eachof6 4 these64laws64for64both64the64employer64and64employee.64
3. Delineate64the64risks64to64the64employer64caused64by64employee64misclassification.64
4. Explain64the64difference64between64and64employee64and64an64independent64contractor
64and64the64tests6 4 that64help64us64in64that64determination.64
5. Articulate64the64various64ways64in64which64the64concept64―employer‖64is64defined64
by64the64various6 4 employment-related64regulations.64
6. Describe64the64permissible64parameters64of64non-compete64agreements.64
Detailed64Chapter64Outline
Scenarios—Points64for64Discussion
, Scenario64One:64This64scenario64offers64an64opportunity64to64review64the64distinctions64betwee
n64an6 4 employee64and64an64independent64contractor64discussed64in64the64chapter64(see64―The
64Definition64of6 4 Employee,‖64particularly64Exhibits641.3–1.5).64Discuss64the64IRS6420-
factor64analysis,64as64it64applies64to6 4 Dalia‘s64position.64In64light64of64the64low64level64of64co
ntrol64that64Dalia64had64over64her64fees64and64her64work6 4 process,64and64the64limits64upon64
her64choice64of64clients,64students64should64come64to64the64conclusion64that6 4 Dalia64is64an64em
ployee64(therefore,64eligible64to64file64an64unemployment64claim),64rather64than64an6 4 indepe
ndent64contractor.
Scenario64Two:64Soraya64would64not64have64a64cause64of64action64that64would64be64recognize
d64by64the64EEOC.6 4 Review64the64section64―The64Definition64of64‗Employer‘‖64with64students,6
4and64discuss64the64rationale64that6 4 determines64the64status64of64a64supervisor64vis-à-vis64anti-
discrimination64legislation.64Because64Soraya64is6 4 Soraya‘s64supervisor,64not64her64employer,
64he64cannot64be64the64target64of64an64EEOC64claim64 of64sexual6 4 harassment.
CCC,64Soraya‘s64employer,64would64be64vulnerable64to64an64EEOC64claim64if64the64company64la
cked64or64failedto6 4 follow64a64system64for64employee64redress64of64discrimination64grievances.
64However,64in64this64case,64 CCC6 4 appears64to64have64a64viable64anti-
discrimination64policy64that64it64adhered64to64diligently;64 consequently,64Soraya6 4 would64be64u
nlikely64to64win64a64decision64in64her64favor.64The64court64in64Williams64v.64Banning64(1995)64off
ered64the6 4 following64rationale64for64its64decision64in64a64similar64case:
―She64has64an64employer64who64was64sensitive64and64responsive64to64her64complaint.64S
he64can64take6 4 comfort64in64the64knowledge64that64she64continues64to64work64for64this64
company,64while64her64harasser6 4 does64not64and64that64the64company's64prompt64actio
n64is64likely64to64discourage64other64would64be6 4 harassers.64This64is64precisely64the64re
sult64Title64VII64was64meant64to64achieve.‖
Scenario64Three:64Students64should64discuss64whether64or64not64Mya64non-
compete64agreement64is64likely64tobe6 4 found64reasonable64by64a64court,64and64elaborate64the
64aspects64of64the64agreement64that64Mya64might64contest64as6 4 unreasonable64(see64section64bel
ow,64―Covenants64Not64to64Compete‖).64Does64Mya64have64a64persuasive6 4 argument64that64the
64terms64of64her64non-compete64agreement64are64unreasonable64in64scope64or64 duration?
Might64she64have64grounds64to64claim64that64the64agreement64prohibits64her64from64making64a64 livi
ng?
Given64the64diversity64of64state64laws64regulating64non-
compete64agreements,64discuss64the64range64of64legal6 4 restrictions64that64might64apply64to64M
ya‘s64particular64agreement64with64her64employer.64As64an64employeewho6 4 works64across64se
veral64states,64Mya‘s64defense64may64depend64upon64the64presence—
and64specific6 4 language—of64a64forum64selection64clause64in64her64non-
compete64agreement.64Consider64what64language6 4 would64be64more64likely64to64provide64Nan
64with64a64strong64defense64against64the64breach64of64contract64claim.
Mya64might64also64argue64that64the64company‘s64client64list64is64available64through64public64m
eans,64and6 4 therefore,64her64access64to64this64list64should64not64be64prohibited.
General64Lecture64Note64for64Employment64Law64Course
In64order64to64teach64this64course,64instructors64have64found64that64students64must64be64made64t
o64feel64relatively6 4 comfortable64with64their64peers.64Instructors64will64be64asking64the64stude
nts64to64be64honest64and64to64stay64in6 4 their64truth,64even64at64times64when64they64feel64that6
4their64opinion64on64one64of64these64matters64will64not64be
Employment Law for Business, 10th Editio
64 64 64 64 64
n,
Dawn Bennett-Alexander, Chapters 1 -
64 64 64 64
16
64
,TABLE64OF64CONTENTS
Chapter64164The64Regulation64of64Employment
Chapter64264The64Employment64Law64Toolkit:64Resources64for64Understanding64the64Law6 4 and6
4Recurring64Legal64Concepts
Chapter64364Title64VII64of64the64Civil64Rights64Act64of641964
Chapter64464Legal64Construction64of64the64Employment64Environment6 4 Chapter6456
4Affirmative64Action
Chapter64664Race64and64Color64Discrimination6 4
Chapter64764National64Origin64Discrimination6 4 C
hapter64864Gender64Discrimination646 4 Chapter64
964Sexual64Harassment
Chapter641064Sexual64Orientation64and64Gender64Identity64Discrimination6 4 Chapt
er641164Religious64Discrimination
Chapter641264Age64Discrimination6 4 Chapter6
41364Disability64Discrimination
Chapter641464The64Employee’s64Right64to64Privacy64and64Management64of64Personal
Information
Chapter641564Labor64Law64857
Chapter641664Selected64Employment64Benefits64and64Protections
Chapter641
, The64Regulation64of64Employment
Chapter64Objective
The64student64is64introduced64to64the64regulatory64environment64of64the64employment64relation
ship.64The6 4 chapter64examines64whether64regulation64is64actually64necessary64or64beneficial6
4or64if,64perhaps,64the6 4 relationship64would64fare64better64with64less64governmental64intervent
ion.64The64concepts64of64―freedom‖64to6 4 contract64in64the64regulatory64employment64enviro
nment64and64non-
compete64agreements64are64discussed.6 4 Since64the64regulations64and64case64law64discussed6
4in64 this64text64rely64on64an64 individual‘s64classification64 as64 an6 4 employer64or64an64employ
ee,64those64definitions64are64delineated64and64explored.
Learning64Objectives
(Click64on64the64icon64following64the64learning64objective64to64be64linked64to64the64location64in64
the64outlinewhere64the64chapter6 4 addresses64that64particular64objective.)
At64the64conclusion64of64this64chapter,64the64students64should64be64able64to:
1. Describe64the64balance64between64the64freedom64to64contract64and64the64curre
nt64regulatory6 4 environment64for64employment.64
2. Identify64who64is64subject64to64which64employment64laws64and64understand64the64implicati
on64of64eachof6 4 these64laws64for64both64the64employer64and64employee.64
3. Delineate64the64risks64to64the64employer64caused64by64employee64misclassification.64
4. Explain64the64difference64between64and64employee64and64an64independent64contractor
64and64the64tests6 4 that64help64us64in64that64determination.64
5. Articulate64the64various64ways64in64which64the64concept64―employer‖64is64defined64
by64the64various6 4 employment-related64regulations.64
6. Describe64the64permissible64parameters64of64non-compete64agreements.64
Detailed64Chapter64Outline
Scenarios—Points64for64Discussion
, Scenario64One:64This64scenario64offers64an64opportunity64to64review64the64distinctions64betwee
n64an6 4 employee64and64an64independent64contractor64discussed64in64the64chapter64(see64―The
64Definition64of6 4 Employee,‖64particularly64Exhibits641.3–1.5).64Discuss64the64IRS6420-
factor64analysis,64as64it64applies64to6 4 Dalia‘s64position.64In64light64of64the64low64level64of64co
ntrol64that64Dalia64had64over64her64fees64and64her64work6 4 process,64and64the64limits64upon64
her64choice64of64clients,64students64should64come64to64the64conclusion64that6 4 Dalia64is64an64em
ployee64(therefore,64eligible64to64file64an64unemployment64claim),64rather64than64an6 4 indepe
ndent64contractor.
Scenario64Two:64Soraya64would64not64have64a64cause64of64action64that64would64be64recognize
d64by64the64EEOC.6 4 Review64the64section64―The64Definition64of64‗Employer‘‖64with64students,6
4and64discuss64the64rationale64that6 4 determines64the64status64of64a64supervisor64vis-à-vis64anti-
discrimination64legislation.64Because64Soraya64is6 4 Soraya‘s64supervisor,64not64her64employer,
64he64cannot64be64the64target64of64an64EEOC64claim64 of64sexual6 4 harassment.
CCC,64Soraya‘s64employer,64would64be64vulnerable64to64an64EEOC64claim64if64the64company64la
cked64or64failedto6 4 follow64a64system64for64employee64redress64of64discrimination64grievances.
64However,64in64this64case,64 CCC6 4 appears64to64have64a64viable64anti-
discrimination64policy64that64it64adhered64to64diligently;64 consequently,64Soraya6 4 would64be64u
nlikely64to64win64a64decision64in64her64favor.64The64court64in64Williams64v.64Banning64(1995)64off
ered64the6 4 following64rationale64for64its64decision64in64a64similar64case:
―She64has64an64employer64who64was64sensitive64and64responsive64to64her64complaint.64S
he64can64take6 4 comfort64in64the64knowledge64that64she64continues64to64work64for64this64
company,64while64her64harasser6 4 does64not64and64that64the64company's64prompt64actio
n64is64likely64to64discourage64other64would64be6 4 harassers.64This64is64precisely64the64re
sult64Title64VII64was64meant64to64achieve.‖
Scenario64Three:64Students64should64discuss64whether64or64not64Mya64non-
compete64agreement64is64likely64tobe6 4 found64reasonable64by64a64court,64and64elaborate64the
64aspects64of64the64agreement64that64Mya64might64contest64as6 4 unreasonable64(see64section64bel
ow,64―Covenants64Not64to64Compete‖).64Does64Mya64have64a64persuasive6 4 argument64that64the
64terms64of64her64non-compete64agreement64are64unreasonable64in64scope64or64 duration?
Might64she64have64grounds64to64claim64that64the64agreement64prohibits64her64from64making64a64 livi
ng?
Given64the64diversity64of64state64laws64regulating64non-
compete64agreements,64discuss64the64range64of64legal6 4 restrictions64that64might64apply64to64M
ya‘s64particular64agreement64with64her64employer.64As64an64employeewho6 4 works64across64se
veral64states,64Mya‘s64defense64may64depend64upon64the64presence—
and64specific6 4 language—of64a64forum64selection64clause64in64her64non-
compete64agreement.64Consider64what64language6 4 would64be64more64likely64to64provide64Nan
64with64a64strong64defense64against64the64breach64of64contract64claim.
Mya64might64also64argue64that64the64company‘s64client64list64is64available64through64public64m
eans,64and6 4 therefore,64her64access64to64this64list64should64not64be64prohibited.
General64Lecture64Note64for64Employment64Law64Course
In64order64to64teach64this64course,64instructors64have64found64that64students64must64be64made64t
o64feel64relatively6 4 comfortable64with64their64peers.64Instructors64will64be64asking64the64stude
nts64to64be64honest64and64to64stay64in6 4 their64truth,64even64at64times64when64they64feel64that6
4their64opinion64on64one64of64these64matters64will64not64be
