BIOS 255 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Functions of the Respiratory System - Answers :-Gas exchange
-Communication
-Olfaction
-Acid-Base balance
-Blood pressure regulation
-Blood and lymph flow
-Platelet production
-Blood filtration
-Expulsion of abdominal contents
Describe high compliance as it relates to healthy functions. - Answers :-ease with which
the lungs and thoracic wall can be expanded
High compliance= easy expansion
Low compliance= resisted expansion
Describe IRDS ( Infant respiratory distress syndrome) and describe the interventions
that would be used to help a newborn premature baby suffering from IRDS. - Answers :-
leading cause of death in premature infants resulting from lack of surfactant production
in alveoli
-treated with artificial surfactant until they can make their own
Define antigens, epitopes and antibodies. - Answers :antigens: large molecule capable
of binding to an antibody or immune cells and triggering an immune response
epitopes: certain regions of an antigen molecule that stimulate immune responses
antibodies: reacts with an antigen and aids in protecting the body from its harmful
effects
Identify the PO2 measurements at the end of a normal inhalation ( breathing through
the nose ) in each of the following:
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolus
Nasal cavity
Trachea
Bronchus - Answers :Respiratory bronchiole: 104mm Hg
Alveolus: 104mm Hg
Nasal cavity: atmospheric @ 159mm Hg
Trachea: 104mm Hg
Bronchus: 104mm Hg
Describe the movement of O2 and CO2 in external and internal respirations and define -
Answers :internal: exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue
cells; blood loses O2 and gains CO2
, external: exchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in
pulmonary capillaries across the respiratory membrane; pulmonary capillary blood gains
O2 and loses CO2.
Pulmonary Ventilation - Answers :-breathing
-Inspiration (inhaling) & Expiration (exhaling) of air and involves the exchange of air
between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs
Cellular Respiration - Answers :Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose
and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Effects of Temperature and pH on Oxygen dissociation curves (Figure 22.26 (a) Figure
22.26(b)) - Answers :
Macrophages - Answers :-Phagocytize tissue debris, dead neutrophils, bacteria, and
other foreign matter
-Process foreign matter and display antigenic fragments to certain T cells alerting
immune system to the presence of the enemy
T lymphocytes - Answers :directly attack and destroy diseased or foreign cells, and the
immune system remembers the antigens of those invaders and prevents them from
causing disease in the future
Natural killer cells - Answers :large lymphocytes that attack and destroy bacteria,
transplanted tissue, host cells infected with viruses or that have turned cancerous
B lymphocytes - Answers :-produce humoral immunity
-Activated B cells develop into plasma cells
-Plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood
-Circulating antibodies produce humoral immunity
-directly attack pathogens
Eosinophils - Answers :-Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes, allergens, and
inflammatory chemicals
-Release enzymes that weaken or destroy parasites
Functions of the Respiratory System - Answers :-Gas exchange
-Communication
-Olfaction
-Acid-Base balance
-Blood pressure regulation
-Blood and lymph flow
-Platelet production
-Blood filtration
-Expulsion of abdominal contents
Describe high compliance as it relates to healthy functions. - Answers :-ease with which
the lungs and thoracic wall can be expanded
High compliance= easy expansion
Low compliance= resisted expansion
Describe IRDS ( Infant respiratory distress syndrome) and describe the interventions
that would be used to help a newborn premature baby suffering from IRDS. - Answers :-
leading cause of death in premature infants resulting from lack of surfactant production
in alveoli
-treated with artificial surfactant until they can make their own
Define antigens, epitopes and antibodies. - Answers :antigens: large molecule capable
of binding to an antibody or immune cells and triggering an immune response
epitopes: certain regions of an antigen molecule that stimulate immune responses
antibodies: reacts with an antigen and aids in protecting the body from its harmful
effects
Identify the PO2 measurements at the end of a normal inhalation ( breathing through
the nose ) in each of the following:
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolus
Nasal cavity
Trachea
Bronchus - Answers :Respiratory bronchiole: 104mm Hg
Alveolus: 104mm Hg
Nasal cavity: atmospheric @ 159mm Hg
Trachea: 104mm Hg
Bronchus: 104mm Hg
Describe the movement of O2 and CO2 in external and internal respirations and define -
Answers :internal: exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue
cells; blood loses O2 and gains CO2
, external: exchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in
pulmonary capillaries across the respiratory membrane; pulmonary capillary blood gains
O2 and loses CO2.
Pulmonary Ventilation - Answers :-breathing
-Inspiration (inhaling) & Expiration (exhaling) of air and involves the exchange of air
between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs
Cellular Respiration - Answers :Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose
and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Effects of Temperature and pH on Oxygen dissociation curves (Figure 22.26 (a) Figure
22.26(b)) - Answers :
Macrophages - Answers :-Phagocytize tissue debris, dead neutrophils, bacteria, and
other foreign matter
-Process foreign matter and display antigenic fragments to certain T cells alerting
immune system to the presence of the enemy
T lymphocytes - Answers :directly attack and destroy diseased or foreign cells, and the
immune system remembers the antigens of those invaders and prevents them from
causing disease in the future
Natural killer cells - Answers :large lymphocytes that attack and destroy bacteria,
transplanted tissue, host cells infected with viruses or that have turned cancerous
B lymphocytes - Answers :-produce humoral immunity
-Activated B cells develop into plasma cells
-Plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood
-Circulating antibodies produce humoral immunity
-directly attack pathogens
Eosinophils - Answers :-Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes, allergens, and
inflammatory chemicals
-Release enzymes that weaken or destroy parasites
