Business literacy: How do employers/clients generate revenue and how are their
operations conducted? (KSA 5.1)
Give this one a try later!
, For profit: Publicly traded corporations or privately-owned companies that
do business to make money for shareholders or owners.
Nonprofit: Organizations such as certain hospitals, public radio stations, most
colleges and universities, and charities that don’t do business to make a profit
for owners. Any surplus income derived from the business operation is used
to expand the organization or support its mission. Nonprofit organizations
often provide a public service.
Not-for-profit: Organizations such as credit unions, mutual insurance
companies and farm cooperatives that may generate revenue surpluses but
are not designed to earn money for owners or members. Surplus revenue is
generally used to carry out operations. If fiscal reserves become large
enough, however, some money may be returned to member-owners.
Explain horizontal verses vertical business structures.
Give this one a try later!
In horizontal businesses, production units create similar outputs. An example
would be a brewer that produces beer under many different labels. Vertical
businesses control all parts of their supply chains. For example, a newspaper
publishing company could own forests, run logging operations to supply
wood for making paper, operate wood-pulp plants to manufacture newsprint,
maintain truck fleets for transporting newsprint to newspaper printing plants
and run other trucks for delivering newspapers to distribution points.
What differentiates publics, markets, audiences and stakeholders? (KSA 1.6)
Give this one a try later!
, Publics: People or groups who are somehow mutually involved or
interdependent with particular organizations. A particular group of people
with a common interest, aim.
Markets: groups of people who buy your product or services
Audience: a group of listeners (or spectators) who may receive a message
but otherwise have no common connection with one another
Stakeholder: A person or group with an interest in an organization or cause,
someone affected by an organization or someone who can affect an
organization.
What are the barriers that prevent changes to knowledge, attitude and behavior? (KSA
4.2)
Give this one a try later!
, Shannon-Weaver Communication Barriers
• Fuzzy language
• Misalignment of messages with culture and values
• History of distrust
• Distractions
• Negative influencers
• Sources or spokespersons with no credibility
• Unreliable media
• Media with which people are not comfortable, e.g., blogs, social networks
and, for some where illiteracy is high, printed material
• Captive audiences
• Gatekeepers
Walter Lippmann Communication Barriers
• Artificial censorship
• Limitation of social contact
• Meager time available for paying attention
• Distortion from compressing events into short messages (sound bites in
today’s terms)
• Difficulty expressing a big, complicated world in short messages
• Fear of facing facts perceived to threaten established routines
How can you objectively interpret data? (KSA 1.3)
Give this one a try later!
• Use an independent research firm (third party)
• Follow the scientific method
• Make questions confidential
What is the relationship between PR, legal, finance and IT, as essential management
functions? (KSA 5.3)
operations conducted? (KSA 5.1)
Give this one a try later!
, For profit: Publicly traded corporations or privately-owned companies that
do business to make money for shareholders or owners.
Nonprofit: Organizations such as certain hospitals, public radio stations, most
colleges and universities, and charities that don’t do business to make a profit
for owners. Any surplus income derived from the business operation is used
to expand the organization or support its mission. Nonprofit organizations
often provide a public service.
Not-for-profit: Organizations such as credit unions, mutual insurance
companies and farm cooperatives that may generate revenue surpluses but
are not designed to earn money for owners or members. Surplus revenue is
generally used to carry out operations. If fiscal reserves become large
enough, however, some money may be returned to member-owners.
Explain horizontal verses vertical business structures.
Give this one a try later!
In horizontal businesses, production units create similar outputs. An example
would be a brewer that produces beer under many different labels. Vertical
businesses control all parts of their supply chains. For example, a newspaper
publishing company could own forests, run logging operations to supply
wood for making paper, operate wood-pulp plants to manufacture newsprint,
maintain truck fleets for transporting newsprint to newspaper printing plants
and run other trucks for delivering newspapers to distribution points.
What differentiates publics, markets, audiences and stakeholders? (KSA 1.6)
Give this one a try later!
, Publics: People or groups who are somehow mutually involved or
interdependent with particular organizations. A particular group of people
with a common interest, aim.
Markets: groups of people who buy your product or services
Audience: a group of listeners (or spectators) who may receive a message
but otherwise have no common connection with one another
Stakeholder: A person or group with an interest in an organization or cause,
someone affected by an organization or someone who can affect an
organization.
What are the barriers that prevent changes to knowledge, attitude and behavior? (KSA
4.2)
Give this one a try later!
, Shannon-Weaver Communication Barriers
• Fuzzy language
• Misalignment of messages with culture and values
• History of distrust
• Distractions
• Negative influencers
• Sources or spokespersons with no credibility
• Unreliable media
• Media with which people are not comfortable, e.g., blogs, social networks
and, for some where illiteracy is high, printed material
• Captive audiences
• Gatekeepers
Walter Lippmann Communication Barriers
• Artificial censorship
• Limitation of social contact
• Meager time available for paying attention
• Distortion from compressing events into short messages (sound bites in
today’s terms)
• Difficulty expressing a big, complicated world in short messages
• Fear of facing facts perceived to threaten established routines
How can you objectively interpret data? (KSA 1.3)
Give this one a try later!
• Use an independent research firm (third party)
• Follow the scientific method
• Make questions confidential
What is the relationship between PR, legal, finance and IT, as essential management
functions? (KSA 5.3)
