FTCE Professional Education Test (083)
reliability - ANS-the consistency of a measurement over time and repeated measurements
validity - ANS-can be determined by comparing a test score against some separate or
independent observation of whatever is being measured
unbiased test - ANS-a test that does not unfairly favor a particular group
standardized test - ANS-a test that has been carefully constructed and field-tested so that
(ideally) it has a high degree of reliability and validity
mean - ANS-determined by adding up all the scores and dividing this sum by the total number
of scores that were added
median - ANS-the midpoint in a distribution of scores from highest to lowest
range - ANS-the greatest score minus the least score in a set of scores; the simplest measure
of variability
standard deviation - ANS-a measure of dispersion of a set of data values about the mean of the
data set
raw score - ANS-the total number of correct responses on an assessment
z-score - ANS-the distance in standard deviations from the mean of the scores on the
assessment; (raw score - mean) / standard deviation
percentile - ANS-a value at or below which P percent of the data fall
quartile - ANS-values that divide an ordered data set into four portions, each of which contains
approximately 1/4 of the data
stanine scores - ANS-scores derived from percentiles; compare test performance using nine
intervals that are numbered 1 to 9
grade equivalent score - ANS-used to describe student's performance in comparison to the
performance of an average student at a specified grade level
formative assessment - ANS-occurs before and during instruction
,diagnostic assessment - ANS-administered before instruction and are designed to identify
students' strengths and weaknesses (e.g., pre-tests, student interviews, learning style
inventories)
Florida School Readiness Uniform Screening System (SRUSS) - ANS-requires that new
kindergarten students in Florida public schools be assessed for school readiness at the
beginning of the school year (ESI-K and DIBELS)
summative assessment - ANS-most often used to determine students' academic achievement
in each class or course, often for the purpose of grades (e.g., student projects, unit and chapter
tests, standardized tests)
performance assessment - ANS-same as authentic assessment; long been used in
assessment of music, art, drama, and physical education
process/product assessment - ANS-same as authentic assessment; long been used in science,
math, social studies, and language arts
instructionally embedded assessment - ANS-(aka teacher observation) uses systematic
observational methods along with checklists, interviews, and questioning while students are
engaged in learning activities
critical and creative thinking - ANS-higher level thinking skills that Florida students need in all
subject areas and as preparation for everyday life, including the world of work
critical thinking - ANS-the mental process of making reasoned judgments and reaching
objective conclusions by analyzing, organizing, comparing, synthesizing, logically examining,
challenging, and evaluating assumptions and evidence
creative thinking - ANS-the mental process of generating new ideas, recognizing and finding
solutions to problems, and making informed decisions
divergent questions - ANS-open-ended questions that allow many correct responses (good)
convergent questions - ANS-closed-ended questions that have a limited number of correct
responses (bad)
Bloom's taxonomy - ANS-higher order thinking skills: knowledge, comprehension, application,
analysis, synthesis, and evaluation
knowledge level thinking - ANS-involves recalling or remembering information
comprehension level thinking - ANS-involves making interpretations of previously learned
material
,application level thinking - ANS-involves applying knowledge to produce a result
analysis level thinking - ANS-involves subdividing knowledge to show how it fits together
synthesis level thinking - ANS-involves putting together ideas or elements to form a whole
evaluative level thinking - ANS-involves judging the quality of an idea or solution
brainstorming - ANS-a teaching strategy in which students generate ideas around a specific
topic of interest
deductive reasoning - ANS-the process of using an accepted rule to draw a conclusion about a
specific example
inductive reasoning - ANS-the process of drawing a general conclusion based on one or more
examples
logical reasoning - ANS-the higher level thinking processes that are used to make decisions or
draw conclusions
syllogistic reasoning - ANS-a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a
minor premise, and a conclusion
cognitive complexity - ANS-the level of cognitive demand associated with test items
cognitive complexity classification - ANS-low complexity (recall, identify, locate, recognize);
moderate complexity (demonstrate comprehension); high complexity (demonstrate the use of
higher order thinking skills including abstract reasoning
The Natural Approach (ESOL) - ANS-students acquire a new vocabulary through experiences
and associations with words because the words are used in meaningful ways and contexts.
Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA) - ANS-assists the students in the
transition from a language arts program in which the content is made comprehensible through
the use of ESOL strategies
Scaffolding (ESOL) - ANS-students should be provided with steps of learning that allow for
consolidation and success.
Performance-based Assessment - ANS-Allows students to use higher-level thinking skills to
apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate ideas and data
, Metacognition - ANS-A term used to describe what, how, and why people know what they know
when they know it.
diversity - ANS-knowledge of cultural, linguistic, and learning style differences and how these
differences affect the classroom practice and student learning
ethnocentrism - ANS-the natural tendency to view one's own cultural or familial ways of doing
things as best and most acceptable
phonemic awareness - ANS-the ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual
sounds in spoken words
phonemes - ANS-sounds of words; the smallest parts of sound in a spoken word; the "c" sound
in cat
phonics - ANS-teaches the students the relationship between the letters of written language
and their individual sounds of spoken language
learning styles - ANS-is the manner in which an individual perceives and processes information
in learning situations
environmental setting - ANS-the ___ in which learning opportunities are presented includes
room temp, lighting, noise level, and seating
personal characteristics - ANS-____ of the learner includes motivation, persistence,
responsibility, and preference with regard to structure
social setting - ANS-the ___ in which learning opportunities are presented includes grouping
arrangement and teacher interaction patterns
physiological factors - ANS-___ that impact the learner includes modality preference, food/drink
intake, time of day, and mobility opportunities
psychological characteristics - ANS-____ of the student influence the student's ability to learn
and include impulsivity/reflectivity inclination and brain hemisphericity
left-brain dominate - ANS-(brain hemispheric orientation) This type of learner thinks from part to
whole; processes thought logically and analytically; approaches problem solving systematically;
prefers to see the "big picture" step by step; etc
left-brain dominate - ANS-analytic and deductive are terms that are used interchangeably with
___ to describe learners based on their brain hemispheric orientation
reliability - ANS-the consistency of a measurement over time and repeated measurements
validity - ANS-can be determined by comparing a test score against some separate or
independent observation of whatever is being measured
unbiased test - ANS-a test that does not unfairly favor a particular group
standardized test - ANS-a test that has been carefully constructed and field-tested so that
(ideally) it has a high degree of reliability and validity
mean - ANS-determined by adding up all the scores and dividing this sum by the total number
of scores that were added
median - ANS-the midpoint in a distribution of scores from highest to lowest
range - ANS-the greatest score minus the least score in a set of scores; the simplest measure
of variability
standard deviation - ANS-a measure of dispersion of a set of data values about the mean of the
data set
raw score - ANS-the total number of correct responses on an assessment
z-score - ANS-the distance in standard deviations from the mean of the scores on the
assessment; (raw score - mean) / standard deviation
percentile - ANS-a value at or below which P percent of the data fall
quartile - ANS-values that divide an ordered data set into four portions, each of which contains
approximately 1/4 of the data
stanine scores - ANS-scores derived from percentiles; compare test performance using nine
intervals that are numbered 1 to 9
grade equivalent score - ANS-used to describe student's performance in comparison to the
performance of an average student at a specified grade level
formative assessment - ANS-occurs before and during instruction
,diagnostic assessment - ANS-administered before instruction and are designed to identify
students' strengths and weaknesses (e.g., pre-tests, student interviews, learning style
inventories)
Florida School Readiness Uniform Screening System (SRUSS) - ANS-requires that new
kindergarten students in Florida public schools be assessed for school readiness at the
beginning of the school year (ESI-K and DIBELS)
summative assessment - ANS-most often used to determine students' academic achievement
in each class or course, often for the purpose of grades (e.g., student projects, unit and chapter
tests, standardized tests)
performance assessment - ANS-same as authentic assessment; long been used in
assessment of music, art, drama, and physical education
process/product assessment - ANS-same as authentic assessment; long been used in science,
math, social studies, and language arts
instructionally embedded assessment - ANS-(aka teacher observation) uses systematic
observational methods along with checklists, interviews, and questioning while students are
engaged in learning activities
critical and creative thinking - ANS-higher level thinking skills that Florida students need in all
subject areas and as preparation for everyday life, including the world of work
critical thinking - ANS-the mental process of making reasoned judgments and reaching
objective conclusions by analyzing, organizing, comparing, synthesizing, logically examining,
challenging, and evaluating assumptions and evidence
creative thinking - ANS-the mental process of generating new ideas, recognizing and finding
solutions to problems, and making informed decisions
divergent questions - ANS-open-ended questions that allow many correct responses (good)
convergent questions - ANS-closed-ended questions that have a limited number of correct
responses (bad)
Bloom's taxonomy - ANS-higher order thinking skills: knowledge, comprehension, application,
analysis, synthesis, and evaluation
knowledge level thinking - ANS-involves recalling or remembering information
comprehension level thinking - ANS-involves making interpretations of previously learned
material
,application level thinking - ANS-involves applying knowledge to produce a result
analysis level thinking - ANS-involves subdividing knowledge to show how it fits together
synthesis level thinking - ANS-involves putting together ideas or elements to form a whole
evaluative level thinking - ANS-involves judging the quality of an idea or solution
brainstorming - ANS-a teaching strategy in which students generate ideas around a specific
topic of interest
deductive reasoning - ANS-the process of using an accepted rule to draw a conclusion about a
specific example
inductive reasoning - ANS-the process of drawing a general conclusion based on one or more
examples
logical reasoning - ANS-the higher level thinking processes that are used to make decisions or
draw conclusions
syllogistic reasoning - ANS-a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a
minor premise, and a conclusion
cognitive complexity - ANS-the level of cognitive demand associated with test items
cognitive complexity classification - ANS-low complexity (recall, identify, locate, recognize);
moderate complexity (demonstrate comprehension); high complexity (demonstrate the use of
higher order thinking skills including abstract reasoning
The Natural Approach (ESOL) - ANS-students acquire a new vocabulary through experiences
and associations with words because the words are used in meaningful ways and contexts.
Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA) - ANS-assists the students in the
transition from a language arts program in which the content is made comprehensible through
the use of ESOL strategies
Scaffolding (ESOL) - ANS-students should be provided with steps of learning that allow for
consolidation and success.
Performance-based Assessment - ANS-Allows students to use higher-level thinking skills to
apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate ideas and data
, Metacognition - ANS-A term used to describe what, how, and why people know what they know
when they know it.
diversity - ANS-knowledge of cultural, linguistic, and learning style differences and how these
differences affect the classroom practice and student learning
ethnocentrism - ANS-the natural tendency to view one's own cultural or familial ways of doing
things as best and most acceptable
phonemic awareness - ANS-the ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual
sounds in spoken words
phonemes - ANS-sounds of words; the smallest parts of sound in a spoken word; the "c" sound
in cat
phonics - ANS-teaches the students the relationship between the letters of written language
and their individual sounds of spoken language
learning styles - ANS-is the manner in which an individual perceives and processes information
in learning situations
environmental setting - ANS-the ___ in which learning opportunities are presented includes
room temp, lighting, noise level, and seating
personal characteristics - ANS-____ of the learner includes motivation, persistence,
responsibility, and preference with regard to structure
social setting - ANS-the ___ in which learning opportunities are presented includes grouping
arrangement and teacher interaction patterns
physiological factors - ANS-___ that impact the learner includes modality preference, food/drink
intake, time of day, and mobility opportunities
psychological characteristics - ANS-____ of the student influence the student's ability to learn
and include impulsivity/reflectivity inclination and brain hemisphericity
left-brain dominate - ANS-(brain hemispheric orientation) This type of learner thinks from part to
whole; processes thought logically and analytically; approaches problem solving systematically;
prefers to see the "big picture" step by step; etc
left-brain dominate - ANS-analytic and deductive are terms that are used interchangeably with
___ to describe learners based on their brain hemispheric orientation
