PNR300 - Test 1 Questions With Correct
Marking Scheme | Latest Update
/. What are values? - Answer-Core beliefs you hold regarding what is right and fair in
terms of our actions and our interactions with others.
Guide us and priorities
/.How are values learned? - Answer-Learned in conscious and unconscious ways.
/.Conscious (how do you acquire values) - Answer-through instruction by parents,
teachers, mentors,religious leaders, and educators, professional or social group leaders
Formally adopted by groups & written in-professional codes of ethics, religious
doctrines, societal laws, and statement of an organization's philosophy
/.Subconscious (how do you acquire values) - Answer-socialization and role modeling
/.What is self awareness? - Answer-Knowing how you're behaving and how it affects
others
/.Understanding others perspectives - Answer-We can never 'walk in someone's
shoes',however, we can remain open to how others' realities, experiences, cultures,
spirituality, and environments have shaped their perspective.
/.What is values clarification? - Answer-Refers to the process of becoming more
conscious of and articulating what we value or consider worthy.
/.Steps of Values Clarification (2) - Answer-(Step 1)- the nurse clarifies personal values
through reflection and discussion.
(Step 2)- the nurse helps the pt. to clarify values through structured communication.
/.What is structured communication? - Answer-Repeat what the pt. has said -
summarize-give time for them to reflect.
Encourage exploration or discussion and don't impose your own values
No judgments
/.Client behaviors that may indicate unclear/conflicting values (5) - Answer-1) Ignoring
health and professional advice
,2) Inconsistent communication or behaviour
3) Numerous admissions to a healthcare agency for the same problem
4) Confusion or uncertainty about which course of action to take
5) Refusal of care
/.CNO Values (7) - Answer-1) client well-being
2) client choice
3) privacy and confidentiality
4) respect for life
5) maintaining commitments
6) truthfulness
7) fairness
/.8 primary values of the Canadian Nurses Association - Answer-1. Safe, Competent,
and Ethical Care
2. Health and Wellbeing
3. Choice
4. Dignity
5. Confidentiality
6. Justice
7. Accountability
8. Quality practice environments
/.Professional Values - Answer-Acquired during socialization into nursing
- Codes of ethics
- Nursing experience
- Teachers
- Other nurses
- CNO
- RPNAO
/.What is an ethical dilemma? - Answer-When there is no clear right choice, and all
actions will have good and bad outcomes
/.What is ethics? - Answer-The philosophical study of morality is the systematic
exploration of what is morally right or morally wrong
/.CNO: The Code of Conduct (6) - Answer-1. Nurses respect the dignity of patients and
treat them as individuals
2. Nurses work together to promote patient well-being
, 3. Nurses maintain patients' trust by providing safe and competent care
4. Nurses work respectfully with colleagues to best meet patients' needs
5. Nurses act with integrity to maintain patient's trust
6. Nurses maintain public confidence in the nursing profession
/.Rationality is - Answer-notion of thinking and reasoning.
/.Ethical Theory - Answer-is the study of the nature and justification of general ethical
principles that can be applied to moral problems
/.Biomedical Ethics - Answer-explores ethical questions and moral issues associated
with health care.
/.What is morality? - Answer-is the tradition of beliefs and norms within a culture or
society about right or wrong human conduct.
/.Descriptive Ethics is - Answer-is a field of ethics that encompasses factual descriptions
and explanations of moral behaviors and beliefs
/.Metaethics - Answer-field of ethics that analyzes the meanings of such key terms as
right, obligation, good, and virtue and attempts to distinguish between what is moral and
what is not—for example, the difference between a moral rule and a social rule.
/.Virtues - Answer-That guide morality and to provide coherent, systematic, and
justifiable answers to moral questions
/.Moral Distress is - Answer-results when we are not able to recognize ethical issues or
to deal effectively with them.
/.Relativism - Answer-the doctrine that knowledge, truth, and morality exist in relation to
culture, society, or historical context, and are not absolute.
/.Deontological Theories - Answer-theories make explicit the duties and principles that
should guide our actions
/.Who is behind deontology? - Answer-Immanuel Kant
/.Maxims determine what - Answer-our duty
logical principles based on reason
Once we determine what a maxims is - referred to 'categorical imperative' the rule has
NO EXCEPTION
Marking Scheme | Latest Update
/. What are values? - Answer-Core beliefs you hold regarding what is right and fair in
terms of our actions and our interactions with others.
Guide us and priorities
/.How are values learned? - Answer-Learned in conscious and unconscious ways.
/.Conscious (how do you acquire values) - Answer-through instruction by parents,
teachers, mentors,religious leaders, and educators, professional or social group leaders
Formally adopted by groups & written in-professional codes of ethics, religious
doctrines, societal laws, and statement of an organization's philosophy
/.Subconscious (how do you acquire values) - Answer-socialization and role modeling
/.What is self awareness? - Answer-Knowing how you're behaving and how it affects
others
/.Understanding others perspectives - Answer-We can never 'walk in someone's
shoes',however, we can remain open to how others' realities, experiences, cultures,
spirituality, and environments have shaped their perspective.
/.What is values clarification? - Answer-Refers to the process of becoming more
conscious of and articulating what we value or consider worthy.
/.Steps of Values Clarification (2) - Answer-(Step 1)- the nurse clarifies personal values
through reflection and discussion.
(Step 2)- the nurse helps the pt. to clarify values through structured communication.
/.What is structured communication? - Answer-Repeat what the pt. has said -
summarize-give time for them to reflect.
Encourage exploration or discussion and don't impose your own values
No judgments
/.Client behaviors that may indicate unclear/conflicting values (5) - Answer-1) Ignoring
health and professional advice
,2) Inconsistent communication or behaviour
3) Numerous admissions to a healthcare agency for the same problem
4) Confusion or uncertainty about which course of action to take
5) Refusal of care
/.CNO Values (7) - Answer-1) client well-being
2) client choice
3) privacy and confidentiality
4) respect for life
5) maintaining commitments
6) truthfulness
7) fairness
/.8 primary values of the Canadian Nurses Association - Answer-1. Safe, Competent,
and Ethical Care
2. Health and Wellbeing
3. Choice
4. Dignity
5. Confidentiality
6. Justice
7. Accountability
8. Quality practice environments
/.Professional Values - Answer-Acquired during socialization into nursing
- Codes of ethics
- Nursing experience
- Teachers
- Other nurses
- CNO
- RPNAO
/.What is an ethical dilemma? - Answer-When there is no clear right choice, and all
actions will have good and bad outcomes
/.What is ethics? - Answer-The philosophical study of morality is the systematic
exploration of what is morally right or morally wrong
/.CNO: The Code of Conduct (6) - Answer-1. Nurses respect the dignity of patients and
treat them as individuals
2. Nurses work together to promote patient well-being
, 3. Nurses maintain patients' trust by providing safe and competent care
4. Nurses work respectfully with colleagues to best meet patients' needs
5. Nurses act with integrity to maintain patient's trust
6. Nurses maintain public confidence in the nursing profession
/.Rationality is - Answer-notion of thinking and reasoning.
/.Ethical Theory - Answer-is the study of the nature and justification of general ethical
principles that can be applied to moral problems
/.Biomedical Ethics - Answer-explores ethical questions and moral issues associated
with health care.
/.What is morality? - Answer-is the tradition of beliefs and norms within a culture or
society about right or wrong human conduct.
/.Descriptive Ethics is - Answer-is a field of ethics that encompasses factual descriptions
and explanations of moral behaviors and beliefs
/.Metaethics - Answer-field of ethics that analyzes the meanings of such key terms as
right, obligation, good, and virtue and attempts to distinguish between what is moral and
what is not—for example, the difference between a moral rule and a social rule.
/.Virtues - Answer-That guide morality and to provide coherent, systematic, and
justifiable answers to moral questions
/.Moral Distress is - Answer-results when we are not able to recognize ethical issues or
to deal effectively with them.
/.Relativism - Answer-the doctrine that knowledge, truth, and morality exist in relation to
culture, society, or historical context, and are not absolute.
/.Deontological Theories - Answer-theories make explicit the duties and principles that
should guide our actions
/.Who is behind deontology? - Answer-Immanuel Kant
/.Maxims determine what - Answer-our duty
logical principles based on reason
Once we determine what a maxims is - referred to 'categorical imperative' the rule has
NO EXCEPTION
