MUSCULOSKELETAL DEFINITIONS OF TERMS FOR
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY ALREADY GRADED A+
dorsiflexion - ✔✔ bending of the foot or the toes upward
plantar flexion - ✔✔ bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
ligaments - ✔✔ attach bone to bone
tendons - ✔✔ attach muscle to bone
hypertrophy - ✔✔ exaggeration of muscle size
atrophy - ✔✔ wasting away of muscles
inspect joints for - ✔✔ size and contour, symmetry, color, swelling, masses, deformity
palpate joints for - ✔✔ crepitation, temp change, tenderness, masses, swelling, ROM, strength
range of motion - ✔✔ number of degrees of movement a joint can make
someone with scoliosis might have - ✔✔ one leg longer than the other
, ROM of thoracic & lumbar (flexion & hyperextension) spine - ✔✔ flexion (lean forward);
hyperextension (lean slightly backwards)
ROM of thoracic & lumbar (lateral) spine - ✔✔ bend laterally and slight rotation at hips
normal spinal configuration - ✔✔ head should be erected, straight spine, firm muscles
scoliosis - ✔✔ lateral curvature of the spine
kyphosis - ✔✔ excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back
lordosis - ✔✔ abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)
lordosis is typically seen in - ✔✔ pregnancy
ROM of shoulders - ✔✔ forward flexion, hyperextension, abduction, and adduction
tests for carpal tunnel - ✔✔ phalen's test, tinel's sign
phalen's test - ✔✔ hold hads back to back for 1 minute; positive if numbness and burning occur
tinel's sign - ✔✔ "pins and needles" sensation felt when an injured nerve site is tapped
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY ALREADY GRADED A+
dorsiflexion - ✔✔ bending of the foot or the toes upward
plantar flexion - ✔✔ bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
ligaments - ✔✔ attach bone to bone
tendons - ✔✔ attach muscle to bone
hypertrophy - ✔✔ exaggeration of muscle size
atrophy - ✔✔ wasting away of muscles
inspect joints for - ✔✔ size and contour, symmetry, color, swelling, masses, deformity
palpate joints for - ✔✔ crepitation, temp change, tenderness, masses, swelling, ROM, strength
range of motion - ✔✔ number of degrees of movement a joint can make
someone with scoliosis might have - ✔✔ one leg longer than the other
, ROM of thoracic & lumbar (flexion & hyperextension) spine - ✔✔ flexion (lean forward);
hyperextension (lean slightly backwards)
ROM of thoracic & lumbar (lateral) spine - ✔✔ bend laterally and slight rotation at hips
normal spinal configuration - ✔✔ head should be erected, straight spine, firm muscles
scoliosis - ✔✔ lateral curvature of the spine
kyphosis - ✔✔ excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back
lordosis - ✔✔ abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)
lordosis is typically seen in - ✔✔ pregnancy
ROM of shoulders - ✔✔ forward flexion, hyperextension, abduction, and adduction
tests for carpal tunnel - ✔✔ phalen's test, tinel's sign
phalen's test - ✔✔ hold hads back to back for 1 minute; positive if numbness and burning occur
tinel's sign - ✔✔ "pins and needles" sensation felt when an injured nerve site is tapped
