,Chapter 1—Molecular Reasons
h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE h
1. Which of these is the best definition of matter?
h h h h h h h h
a. The pull of gravity on an object.
h h h h h h
b. Anything that has weight and volume. h h h h h
c. Anything that has mass and occupies space. h h h h h h
d. Anything that is directly proportional to weight. h h h h h h
e. The measure of the amount of space an object occupies.
h h h h h h h h h
ANS: C PTS: 1
h h h
2. Which of these statements is correct?
h h h h h
a. The amount of carbon on earth is essentially constant.
h h h h h h h h
b. The amount of carbon on earth fluctuates with the seasons.
h h h h h h h h h
c. The amount of carbon on earth is increasing due to plant and animal growth.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
d. The amount of carbon on earth is decreasing due to consumption of carbon based fuels.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
e. Both B and C are correct. h h h h h
ANS: A PTS: 1
h h h
3. The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier found that the weight of objects before burning and the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
weight of the products after burning were equal. He concluded that the total weight did not change
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
during a process. Which of these best describes Lavoisier's conclusion?
h h h h h h h h h h
a. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
h h h h h h
b. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
h h h h h h
c. From scientific law, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
h h h h h h h
d. From experimentation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
h h h h h h
e. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific conclusion.
h h h h h h
ANS: A PTS: 1
h h h
4. When using the scientific method, before experiments are done a
h h h h h h h h h h should be h
established.
h
a. hypothesis
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
ANS: A PTS: 1
h h h
5. A statement which summarizes the data obtained from a series of observations is known as a(n)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
.
a. observation
b. Law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: B h PTS: h h 1
Test Bank h Chemistry in Focus, 5e h h h 1
, 6. Which of these is not part of the scientific method?
h h h h h h h h h
a. observation
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: D h PTS: 1 h h
7. Which of these is the best definition of a scientific theory?
h h h h h h h h h h
a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations.
h h h h h h h h
b. A method of explaining observations that appears contradictory.
h h h h h h h
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions.
h h h h h h h
d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists.
h h h h h h h h h h
e. A tentative model that describes the underlying cause of a physical behavior.
h h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: E h PTS: 1 h h
8. Which of these is the best definition of a scientific law?
h h h h h h h h h h
a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations.
h h h h h h h h
b. A method of explaining observations that appear contradictory.
h h h h h h h
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions.
h h h h h h h
d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists.
h h h h h h h h h h
e. A rule made by scientists to ensure consistency in their observations.
h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: C h PTS: 1 h h
9. A(n) h is an explanation of a scientific observation.
h h h h h h
a. law
b. theory
c. conclusion
d. prediction
e. epiphany
ANS: B h PTS: 1 h h
10. Which of these is not a requirement of a scientifically acceptable theory?
h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Good predictive power of the theory.
h h h h h
b. Proven by additional experimentation.
h h h
c. Sound reasoning for a particular observation.
h h h h h
d. Easily revised to accommodate new observations
h h h h h
e. Provides model of behavior consistent with other widely accepted theories.
h h h h h h h h h
ANS: B h PTS: 1 h h
11. Which of these statements about the scientific method is incorrect?
h h h h h h h h h
a. It is not a group of absolute truths.
h h h h h h h
b. It uses experiments that are reproducible
h h h h h
c. It is used for testing claims about the natural world.
h h h h h h h h h
d. It requires one to propose a theory and perform experiments to give results which confirm
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
or disclaim the theory.
h h h h
e. All of these are correct statements.
h h h h h
ANS: E
h h PTS: 1 h
Test Bank
h Chemistry in Focus, 5e h h h 2
, 12. To explain natural phenomena scientists must
h h h h h h .
a. have an opinion. h h
b. make observations. h
c. guess correctly most of the time.
h h h h h
d. agree with existing theories.
h h h
ANS: B h PTS: 1 h h
13. Which scientist first theorized that matter was ultimately composed of small indivisible
h h h h h h h h h h h
particles called atoms?
h h h
a. Dalton
b. Lavoisier
c. Empedocles
d. Plato
e. Democritus
ANS: E h PTS: 1 h h
14. The historical predecessor to chemistry is known as
h h h h h h h h .
a. alchemy
b. pre-chemistry
c. biology
d. biochemistry
e. physical science h
ANS: A h PTS: 1 h h
15. Which of these contributions did Alchemists of the Middle Ages make to modern science?
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. sun centered universe and metallurgy
h h h h
b. metallurgy and development of scientific techniques h h h h h
c. scientific method and the Law of Conservation of Mass
h h h h h h h h
d. Law of Conservation of Matter and The First Atomic Theory
h h h h h h h h h
e. Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Constant Composition
h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: B h PTS: h h 1
16. Thales believed that
h h h is the principle element of all things.
h h h h h h
a. earth
b. air
c. fire
d. water
e. gold
ANS: D h PTS: 1 h h
17. Which scientist is incorrectly matched with his idea or theory?
h h h h h h h h h
scientist theory
I. Copernicus a sun centered universe
h h h
II. Dalton Atomic Theory h
III. Galileo a sun centered universe
h h h
IV. Vesalius Matter is composed of small indivisible particles.
h h h h h h
V. Boyle The simplest form of a substance is an element.
h h h h h h h h
Test Bank h Chemistry in Focus, 5e h h h 3
h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE h
1. Which of these is the best definition of matter?
h h h h h h h h
a. The pull of gravity on an object.
h h h h h h
b. Anything that has weight and volume. h h h h h
c. Anything that has mass and occupies space. h h h h h h
d. Anything that is directly proportional to weight. h h h h h h
e. The measure of the amount of space an object occupies.
h h h h h h h h h
ANS: C PTS: 1
h h h
2. Which of these statements is correct?
h h h h h
a. The amount of carbon on earth is essentially constant.
h h h h h h h h
b. The amount of carbon on earth fluctuates with the seasons.
h h h h h h h h h
c. The amount of carbon on earth is increasing due to plant and animal growth.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
d. The amount of carbon on earth is decreasing due to consumption of carbon based fuels.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
e. Both B and C are correct. h h h h h
ANS: A PTS: 1
h h h
3. The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier found that the weight of objects before burning and the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
weight of the products after burning were equal. He concluded that the total weight did not change
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
during a process. Which of these best describes Lavoisier's conclusion?
h h h h h h h h h h
a. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
h h h h h h
b. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
h h h h h h
c. From scientific law, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
h h h h h h h
d. From experimentation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
h h h h h h
e. From observation, Lavoisier created a scientific conclusion.
h h h h h h
ANS: A PTS: 1
h h h
4. When using the scientific method, before experiments are done a
h h h h h h h h h h should be h
established.
h
a. hypothesis
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
ANS: A PTS: 1
h h h
5. A statement which summarizes the data obtained from a series of observations is known as a(n)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
.
a. observation
b. Law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: B h PTS: h h 1
Test Bank h Chemistry in Focus, 5e h h h 1
, 6. Which of these is not part of the scientific method?
h h h h h h h h h
a. observation
b. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: D h PTS: 1 h h
7. Which of these is the best definition of a scientific theory?
h h h h h h h h h h
a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations.
h h h h h h h h
b. A method of explaining observations that appears contradictory.
h h h h h h h
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions.
h h h h h h h
d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists.
h h h h h h h h h h
e. A tentative model that describes the underlying cause of a physical behavior.
h h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: E h PTS: 1 h h
8. Which of these is the best definition of a scientific law?
h h h h h h h h h h
a. A prediction based on a limited number of observations.
h h h h h h h h
b. A method of explaining observations that appear contradictory.
h h h h h h h
c. A broadly applicable generalization with virtually no exceptions.
h h h h h h h
d. A method for approaching problems that is used by all scientists.
h h h h h h h h h h
e. A rule made by scientists to ensure consistency in their observations.
h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: C h PTS: 1 h h
9. A(n) h is an explanation of a scientific observation.
h h h h h h
a. law
b. theory
c. conclusion
d. prediction
e. epiphany
ANS: B h PTS: 1 h h
10. Which of these is not a requirement of a scientifically acceptable theory?
h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Good predictive power of the theory.
h h h h h
b. Proven by additional experimentation.
h h h
c. Sound reasoning for a particular observation.
h h h h h
d. Easily revised to accommodate new observations
h h h h h
e. Provides model of behavior consistent with other widely accepted theories.
h h h h h h h h h
ANS: B h PTS: 1 h h
11. Which of these statements about the scientific method is incorrect?
h h h h h h h h h
a. It is not a group of absolute truths.
h h h h h h h
b. It uses experiments that are reproducible
h h h h h
c. It is used for testing claims about the natural world.
h h h h h h h h h
d. It requires one to propose a theory and perform experiments to give results which confirm
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
or disclaim the theory.
h h h h
e. All of these are correct statements.
h h h h h
ANS: E
h h PTS: 1 h
Test Bank
h Chemistry in Focus, 5e h h h 2
, 12. To explain natural phenomena scientists must
h h h h h h .
a. have an opinion. h h
b. make observations. h
c. guess correctly most of the time.
h h h h h
d. agree with existing theories.
h h h
ANS: B h PTS: 1 h h
13. Which scientist first theorized that matter was ultimately composed of small indivisible
h h h h h h h h h h h
particles called atoms?
h h h
a. Dalton
b. Lavoisier
c. Empedocles
d. Plato
e. Democritus
ANS: E h PTS: 1 h h
14. The historical predecessor to chemistry is known as
h h h h h h h h .
a. alchemy
b. pre-chemistry
c. biology
d. biochemistry
e. physical science h
ANS: A h PTS: 1 h h
15. Which of these contributions did Alchemists of the Middle Ages make to modern science?
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. sun centered universe and metallurgy
h h h h
b. metallurgy and development of scientific techniques h h h h h
c. scientific method and the Law of Conservation of Mass
h h h h h h h h
d. Law of Conservation of Matter and The First Atomic Theory
h h h h h h h h h
e. Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Constant Composition
h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: B h PTS: h h 1
16. Thales believed that
h h h is the principle element of all things.
h h h h h h
a. earth
b. air
c. fire
d. water
e. gold
ANS: D h PTS: 1 h h
17. Which scientist is incorrectly matched with his idea or theory?
h h h h h h h h h
scientist theory
I. Copernicus a sun centered universe
h h h
II. Dalton Atomic Theory h
III. Galileo a sun centered universe
h h h
IV. Vesalius Matter is composed of small indivisible particles.
h h h h h h
V. Boyle The simplest form of a substance is an element.
h h h h h h h h
Test Bank h Chemistry in Focus, 5e h h h 3
