.
,.
CHAPTER,.1:,.The,.Science,.of,.the,.Mind
LEARNING,.OBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe,.the,.scope,.and,.goals,.of,.cognitive,.psychology.
1.2. Understand,.the,.case,.of,.H.M.,,.and,.the,.many,.ways,.that,.memory,.influences,.our,.lives.
1.3. Describe,.the,.limitations,.of,.introspection,.as,.a,.method,.for,.scientific,.inquiry.
1.4. Compare,.and,.contrast,.classical,.(Watsonian),.behaviorism,.and,.cognitive,.psychology.
1.5. Kant‘s,.―transcendental,.method‖,.is,.sometimes,.called,.―inference,.to,.best,.explanation.‖,.Explain,.this,.method,.and,.how,.itworks.
1.6. Describe,.the,.role,,.in,.the,.emergence,.of,.cognitive,.psychology, ,.that,.was,.played,.by,.computer,.science,.and,.the,.develop-
ment,.of,.―computer,.intelligence.‖
MULTIPLE,.CHOICE
1. Which,.of,.the,.following,.topics,.is,.NOT,.commonly,.studied,.within,.cognitive,.psychology?
a. anger,.management c. memory
b. decision,.making d. Attention
ANS:, . A DIF: Easy REF:
The,.Scope,.of,.Cognitive,.Psychology,.OBJ: 1.1 MSC:,.Understanding
2. Cognitive,.processes,.are,.NOT,.necessary,.for,.which,.daily,.activity?
a. reading,.a,.newspaper c. talking,.on,.the,.phone
b. studying,.for,.a,.test d. breathing
ANS:, . D DIF: Easy REF: The,.Scope,.of,.Cognitive,.Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa,.wants,.to,.be,.a,.psychologist,.but,.is,.unsure,.which,.topic,.within,.psychology,.most,.interests,.her.,.Which,.
of,.the,.following,.topics,.would,.be,.LEAST,.likely,.to,.lead,.her,.into,.cognitive,.psychology?
a. amnesia c. Lyme,.disease
b. language,.acquisition d. problem-solving,.strategies
,.
ANS:, . C DIF: Easy REF:
The,.Scope,.of,.Cognitive,.Psychology,.OBJ: 1.1 MSC:,.Applying
4. Consider,.the,.sequence,.―Betsy,.wanted,.to,.bring,.Jacob,.a,.present.,.She,.shook,.her,.piggy,.bank.‖,.Most,.people,,.a
fter,.hearing,.this,.sequence,,.believe,.Betsy,.was,.checking,.her,.piggy,.bank,.to,.see,.if,.she,.had,.money,.to,.spend,.on,.the,.gift.,.This,.infe
rence,.about,.Betsy‘s,.goals,.depends,.on,.the,.fact,.that
a. our,.previous,.knowledge,.fills,.in,.background,.information,.whenever,.we‘re,.understanding,.an,.ev
ent,.or,.conversation.
b. readers,.are,.likely,.to,.know,.someone,.named,.Jacob.
c. English,,.unlike,.other,.languages,,.requires,.speakers,.to,.mention,.all,.of,.the,.people,.involved,.i
n,.an,.event.
d. the,.individual,.sentences,.are,.short.
ANS:, . A DIF: Easy REF:
The,.Broad,.Role,.for,.Memory,.OBJ: 1.1 MSC:,.Understanding
5. Which,.of,.the,.following,.statements,.is,.LEAST,.likely,.to,.apply,.to,.patient,.H.M.?
a. ―He,.cannot,.remember,.what,.he,.did,.earlier,.today,,.including,.events,.that,.took,.place,.just,.an,.hour,.ago.‖
b. ―He,.read,.this,.story,.last,.month,,.but,.he,.was,.still,.surprised,.by,.how,.the,.story,.turned,.out.‖
c. ―Even,.though,.he,.has,.encountered,.the,.nurse,.many,.times,,.he,.is,.still,.unable,.to,.recognize,.her.‖
d. ―He,.remembered,.that,.it,.was,.only,.a,.week,.ago,.that,.he‘d,.heard,.the,.sad,.news,.that,.his,.uncle,.had,.died.‖
ANS:, . D DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia,.and,.Memory,.Loss,.OBJ: 1.2 MSC:,.Applying
6. Research,.with,.H.M.,.provides,.an,.illustration,.for,.which,.major,.theme,.of,.the,.chapter?
a. Introspection,.is,.an,.important,.research,.tool,.for,.cognitive,.psychologists.
b. Cognitive,.psychology,.can,.help,.us,.understand,.a,.wide,.range,.of,.activities,.that,.depend,.on,.someo
ne‘s,.ability,.to,.remember.
c. Memory,.is,.not,.very,.important.
d. The,.disruption ,.caused,.by,.brain,.damage,.depends,.on,.how,.widespread,.the,.damage,.is,,.and,.not,.o
n,.the,.specific,.sites,.that,.are,.damaged.
ANS:, . , . B DIF: Moderate REF: The,.Scope,.of,.Cognitive,.Psychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients,.suffering,.from,.clinical,.amnesia,.are,.characterized,.by
a. memory,.dysfunction. c. inarticulate,.speech.
b. an,.inability,.to,.recognize,.patterns. d. impaired,.language,.comprehension.
ANS:, . A DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia,.and,.Memory,.Loss,.OBJ: 1.2 MSC:,.Remembering
8. The,.term,.―introspection‖,.refers,.to,.the
a. process,.by,.which,.one,.individual,.seeks,.to,.infer,.the,.thoughts,.of,.another,.individual.
b. procedure,.of,.examining,.thought,.processing,.by,.monitoring,.the,.brain‘s,.electrical,.activity.
, .
c. process,.of,.each,.person,.looking,.within,,.to,.observe,.his,.or,.her,.own,.thoughts,.and,.ideas.
d. technique,.of,.studying,.thought,.by,.interpreting,.the,.symbols,.used,.in,.communication.
ANS:, . C DIF: Easy REF:
The,.Limits,.of,.Introspection,.OBJ: 1.3 MSC:,.Remembering
9. A,.participant,.is,.asked,.to,.look,.within,.himself,.or,.herself,.and,.report,.on,.his,.or,.her,.own,.mental,.processes.,.This,.meth
od
is,.called
a. logical,.inference. c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS:, . C DIF: Easy REF:
The,.Limits,.of,.Introspection,.OBJ: 1.3 MSC:,.Remembering
10. Of,.the,.following,,.introspection,.is,.LEAST,.useful,.for,.studying
a. topics,.that,.are,.strongly,.colored,.by,.emotion.
b. mental,.events,.that,.are,.unconscious.
c. processes,.that,.involve,.conceptual,.knowledge.
d. events,.that,.take,.a,.long,.time,.to,.unfold.
ANS:, . B DIF: Moderate REF:
The,.Limits,.of,.Introspection,.OBJ: 1.3 MSC:,.Understanding
11. Which,.of,.the,.following,.statements,.about,.introspection,.is,.FALSE?
a. It,.is,.the,.only,.way,.to,.observe,.conscious,.events,.directly.
b. It,.is,.subjective.
c. It,.provides,.strong,.evidence,.for,.hypothesis-testing.
d. It,.was,.a,.technique,.used,.historically,.to,.study,.cognition.
ANS:, . C DIF: Moderate REF:
The,.Limits,.of,.Introspection,.OBJ: 1.3 MSC:,.Understanding
12. Genie,.wonders,.why,.she,.can,.never,.remember,.the,.names,.of,.new,.acquaintances.,.In,.search,.of,.an,.answer,,.she,.exa
mines,.and,.reflects,.on,.her,.feelings,.about,.meeting,.new,.people.,.Genie,.is,.engaged,.in,.which,.process?
a. practical,.rehearsal c. learning,.history,.analysis
b. introspection d. goal,.retrieval
ANS:, . B DIF: Moderate REF:
The,.Limits,.of,.Introspection,.OBJ: 1.3 MSC:,.Applying
13. Introspection,.was,.employed,.as,.a,.research,.tool,.in,.the,.late,.1800s,.because
a. it,.was,.regarded,.as,.the,.only,.way,.to,.observe,.the,.mind‘s,.contents,.directly.
b. it,.provided,.data,.from,.individuals,.without,.any,.specialized,.training.
c. conscious,.events,.are,.just,.as,.important,.as,.unconscious,.events.
,.
CHAPTER,.1:,.The,.Science,.of,.the,.Mind
LEARNING,.OBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe,.the,.scope,.and,.goals,.of,.cognitive,.psychology.
1.2. Understand,.the,.case,.of,.H.M.,,.and,.the,.many,.ways,.that,.memory,.influences,.our,.lives.
1.3. Describe,.the,.limitations,.of,.introspection,.as,.a,.method,.for,.scientific,.inquiry.
1.4. Compare,.and,.contrast,.classical,.(Watsonian),.behaviorism,.and,.cognitive,.psychology.
1.5. Kant‘s,.―transcendental,.method‖,.is,.sometimes,.called,.―inference,.to,.best,.explanation.‖,.Explain,.this,.method,.and,.how,.itworks.
1.6. Describe,.the,.role,,.in,.the,.emergence,.of,.cognitive,.psychology, ,.that,.was,.played,.by,.computer,.science,.and,.the,.develop-
ment,.of,.―computer,.intelligence.‖
MULTIPLE,.CHOICE
1. Which,.of,.the,.following,.topics,.is,.NOT,.commonly,.studied,.within,.cognitive,.psychology?
a. anger,.management c. memory
b. decision,.making d. Attention
ANS:, . A DIF: Easy REF:
The,.Scope,.of,.Cognitive,.Psychology,.OBJ: 1.1 MSC:,.Understanding
2. Cognitive,.processes,.are,.NOT,.necessary,.for,.which,.daily,.activity?
a. reading,.a,.newspaper c. talking,.on,.the,.phone
b. studying,.for,.a,.test d. breathing
ANS:, . D DIF: Easy REF: The,.Scope,.of,.Cognitive,.Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa,.wants,.to,.be,.a,.psychologist,.but,.is,.unsure,.which,.topic,.within,.psychology,.most,.interests,.her.,.Which,.
of,.the,.following,.topics,.would,.be,.LEAST,.likely,.to,.lead,.her,.into,.cognitive,.psychology?
a. amnesia c. Lyme,.disease
b. language,.acquisition d. problem-solving,.strategies
,.
ANS:, . C DIF: Easy REF:
The,.Scope,.of,.Cognitive,.Psychology,.OBJ: 1.1 MSC:,.Applying
4. Consider,.the,.sequence,.―Betsy,.wanted,.to,.bring,.Jacob,.a,.present.,.She,.shook,.her,.piggy,.bank.‖,.Most,.people,,.a
fter,.hearing,.this,.sequence,,.believe,.Betsy,.was,.checking,.her,.piggy,.bank,.to,.see,.if,.she,.had,.money,.to,.spend,.on,.the,.gift.,.This,.infe
rence,.about,.Betsy‘s,.goals,.depends,.on,.the,.fact,.that
a. our,.previous,.knowledge,.fills,.in,.background,.information,.whenever,.we‘re,.understanding,.an,.ev
ent,.or,.conversation.
b. readers,.are,.likely,.to,.know,.someone,.named,.Jacob.
c. English,,.unlike,.other,.languages,,.requires,.speakers,.to,.mention,.all,.of,.the,.people,.involved,.i
n,.an,.event.
d. the,.individual,.sentences,.are,.short.
ANS:, . A DIF: Easy REF:
The,.Broad,.Role,.for,.Memory,.OBJ: 1.1 MSC:,.Understanding
5. Which,.of,.the,.following,.statements,.is,.LEAST,.likely,.to,.apply,.to,.patient,.H.M.?
a. ―He,.cannot,.remember,.what,.he,.did,.earlier,.today,,.including,.events,.that,.took,.place,.just,.an,.hour,.ago.‖
b. ―He,.read,.this,.story,.last,.month,,.but,.he,.was,.still,.surprised,.by,.how,.the,.story,.turned,.out.‖
c. ―Even,.though,.he,.has,.encountered,.the,.nurse,.many,.times,,.he,.is,.still,.unable,.to,.recognize,.her.‖
d. ―He,.remembered,.that,.it,.was,.only,.a,.week,.ago,.that,.he‘d,.heard,.the,.sad,.news,.that,.his,.uncle,.had,.died.‖
ANS:, . D DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia,.and,.Memory,.Loss,.OBJ: 1.2 MSC:,.Applying
6. Research,.with,.H.M.,.provides,.an,.illustration,.for,.which,.major,.theme,.of,.the,.chapter?
a. Introspection,.is,.an,.important,.research,.tool,.for,.cognitive,.psychologists.
b. Cognitive,.psychology,.can,.help,.us,.understand,.a,.wide,.range,.of,.activities,.that,.depend,.on,.someo
ne‘s,.ability,.to,.remember.
c. Memory,.is,.not,.very,.important.
d. The,.disruption ,.caused,.by,.brain,.damage,.depends,.on,.how,.widespread,.the,.damage,.is,,.and,.not,.o
n,.the,.specific,.sites,.that,.are,.damaged.
ANS:, . , . B DIF: Moderate REF: The,.Scope,.of,.Cognitive,.Psychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients,.suffering,.from,.clinical,.amnesia,.are,.characterized,.by
a. memory,.dysfunction. c. inarticulate,.speech.
b. an,.inability,.to,.recognize,.patterns. d. impaired,.language,.comprehension.
ANS:, . A DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia,.and,.Memory,.Loss,.OBJ: 1.2 MSC:,.Remembering
8. The,.term,.―introspection‖,.refers,.to,.the
a. process,.by,.which,.one,.individual,.seeks,.to,.infer,.the,.thoughts,.of,.another,.individual.
b. procedure,.of,.examining,.thought,.processing,.by,.monitoring,.the,.brain‘s,.electrical,.activity.
, .
c. process,.of,.each,.person,.looking,.within,,.to,.observe,.his,.or,.her,.own,.thoughts,.and,.ideas.
d. technique,.of,.studying,.thought,.by,.interpreting,.the,.symbols,.used,.in,.communication.
ANS:, . C DIF: Easy REF:
The,.Limits,.of,.Introspection,.OBJ: 1.3 MSC:,.Remembering
9. A,.participant,.is,.asked,.to,.look,.within,.himself,.or,.herself,.and,.report,.on,.his,.or,.her,.own,.mental,.processes.,.This,.meth
od
is,.called
a. logical,.inference. c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS:, . C DIF: Easy REF:
The,.Limits,.of,.Introspection,.OBJ: 1.3 MSC:,.Remembering
10. Of,.the,.following,,.introspection,.is,.LEAST,.useful,.for,.studying
a. topics,.that,.are,.strongly,.colored,.by,.emotion.
b. mental,.events,.that,.are,.unconscious.
c. processes,.that,.involve,.conceptual,.knowledge.
d. events,.that,.take,.a,.long,.time,.to,.unfold.
ANS:, . B DIF: Moderate REF:
The,.Limits,.of,.Introspection,.OBJ: 1.3 MSC:,.Understanding
11. Which,.of,.the,.following,.statements,.about,.introspection,.is,.FALSE?
a. It,.is,.the,.only,.way,.to,.observe,.conscious,.events,.directly.
b. It,.is,.subjective.
c. It,.provides,.strong,.evidence,.for,.hypothesis-testing.
d. It,.was,.a,.technique,.used,.historically,.to,.study,.cognition.
ANS:, . C DIF: Moderate REF:
The,.Limits,.of,.Introspection,.OBJ: 1.3 MSC:,.Understanding
12. Genie,.wonders,.why,.she,.can,.never,.remember,.the,.names,.of,.new,.acquaintances.,.In,.search,.of,.an,.answer,,.she,.exa
mines,.and,.reflects,.on,.her,.feelings,.about,.meeting,.new,.people.,.Genie,.is,.engaged,.in,.which,.process?
a. practical,.rehearsal c. learning,.history,.analysis
b. introspection d. goal,.retrieval
ANS:, . B DIF: Moderate REF:
The,.Limits,.of,.Introspection,.OBJ: 1.3 MSC:,.Applying
13. Introspection,.was,.employed,.as,.a,.research,.tool,.in,.the,.late,.1800s,.because
a. it,.was,.regarded,.as,.the,.only,.way,.to,.observe,.the,.mind‘s,.contents,.directly.
b. it,.provided,.data,.from,.individuals,.without,.any,.specialized,.training.
c. conscious,.events,.are,.just,.as,.important,.as,.unconscious,.events.
