SECTION 2 EXAM: D664 - LEARNERS
AND LEARNING SCIENCE, 2025/2026
WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
True or False:
Object permanence refers to the tendency to perceive objects as
having stable, unchanging properties over time.
False
sensorimotor stage
infants (0-2 years old) explore through senses and actions,
developing an understanding of object permanence and laying
cognitive foundations
Vygotsky's social development theory
emphasizes that a child's cognitive development is primarily
shaped by social interactions and cultural context, meaning
learning happens most effectively through interactions with more
knowledgeable others within their community, like parents,
teachers, and peers
What social skill is commonly developed by children in first grade?
Sharing and taking turns with peers
What is a common developmental milestone for infants around 6
months of age?
Babbling and making repetitive sound
At what age do children generally start to develop a stronger
sense of empathy towards others?
, By the end of elementary school
Which teaching strategies are most effective for adolescents?
Encouraging critical thinking, creativity, and independent inquiry
learning theories
conceptual frameworks that explain how individuals acquire
knowledge, develop skills, and change behaviors over time
behaviorism
sheds light on how external stimuli shape behavior, emphasizing
the focus on observable behaviors rather than internal mental
processes
classical conditioning
illustrates how associations between stimuli can lead to learned
responses
operant conditioning
demonstrates how behaviors are strengthened or weakened
reinforcement
increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated
punishment
decreases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring
direct instruction
a teacher-led traditional behaviorist teaching strategy
cognitivism
seeks to understand the internal processes involved in learning,
such as perception, memory, problem-solving, and decision-
making
AND LEARNING SCIENCE, 2025/2026
WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
True or False:
Object permanence refers to the tendency to perceive objects as
having stable, unchanging properties over time.
False
sensorimotor stage
infants (0-2 years old) explore through senses and actions,
developing an understanding of object permanence and laying
cognitive foundations
Vygotsky's social development theory
emphasizes that a child's cognitive development is primarily
shaped by social interactions and cultural context, meaning
learning happens most effectively through interactions with more
knowledgeable others within their community, like parents,
teachers, and peers
What social skill is commonly developed by children in first grade?
Sharing and taking turns with peers
What is a common developmental milestone for infants around 6
months of age?
Babbling and making repetitive sound
At what age do children generally start to develop a stronger
sense of empathy towards others?
, By the end of elementary school
Which teaching strategies are most effective for adolescents?
Encouraging critical thinking, creativity, and independent inquiry
learning theories
conceptual frameworks that explain how individuals acquire
knowledge, develop skills, and change behaviors over time
behaviorism
sheds light on how external stimuli shape behavior, emphasizing
the focus on observable behaviors rather than internal mental
processes
classical conditioning
illustrates how associations between stimuli can lead to learned
responses
operant conditioning
demonstrates how behaviors are strengthened or weakened
reinforcement
increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated
punishment
decreases the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring
direct instruction
a teacher-led traditional behaviorist teaching strategy
cognitivism
seeks to understand the internal processes involved in learning,
such as perception, memory, problem-solving, and decision-
making
