BIOL 235 Midterm 1 D Questions with Answers Graded A

84) Which of the following is an example of the basic life process called growth? 1 muscle contraction 2 digestion of proteins 3 lifting weights and gaining muscle mass 4 mineral deposits accumulating between bone cells to cause a bone to lengthen a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) 3 and 4 Answer: e Which of the following organs is not found in the abdominal cavity? a) stomach b) spleen c) liver d) gallbladder e) diaphragm Answer: e The chemical bonds formed between the atoms in a water molecule are called a) nonpolar covalent bonds. b) polar covalent bonds. c) hydrogen bonds. d) ionic bonds. e) atomic bonds. Answer: b All of the following are characteristics of anabolism EXCEPT: a) It involves synthesizing new biomolecules. b) It primarily involves endergonic reactions. c) It releases large amounts of energy. d) An example of anabolism is linking amino acids together to form proteins. e) An example is the formation of two ammonia molecules from one nitrogen molecule and three hydrogen molecules. Answer: c Which of the following is the major function of DNA? a) catalyzes metabolic reactions b) storage of energy c) transfer information for protein synthesis d) long-term storage of information for protein synthesis e) transport of electrolytes Answer: d An enzyme acts to a) raise the activation energy needed to start the reaction. b) lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction. c) convert the activation energy into potential energy. d) convert the activation energy into kinetic energy. e) stop a chemical reaction. Answer: b The three main components of the lipid bilayer portion of a plasma membrane are a) phospholipids, glycoproteins, and water. b) proteins, cholesterol, and fatty acids. c) cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycolipids. d) phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids. e) phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Answer: d In this type of transport process, a solute (e.g. glucose) binds to a specific carrier protein on one side of the membrane. This binding induces a conformational change in the carrier protein that results in the solute moving down its concentration gradient to the other side of the membrane. a) osmosis b) active transport c) secondary active transport d) facilitated diffusion e) endocytosis Answer: d If the solute concentration is greater inside of the cell than outside the cell, water will move by osmosis a) into the cell. b) out of the cell. c) into and out of the cell at the same rate resulting in no net water movement. d) All of these answer choices are correct. e) None of these answers are correct. Answer: a During this phase of cell division, the centromeres split leading to separation and subsequent migration of the two members of a chromatid pair to opposite poles of the cells. The cleavage furrow also begins to develop during this phase. a) interphase b) prophase c) metaphase d) anaphase e) telophase Answer: d This type of epithelial tissue lines the fallopian tubes, uterus, and some bronchioles of the respiratory tract. a) Simple cuboidal epithelium b) Simple columnar epithelium c) Stratified columnar epithelium d) Stratified cuboidal epithelium e) Transitional epithelium Answer: b The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of a) enzymes and membranous organelles. b) plasma membranes and ground substance. c) keratinized cells and protein fibers. d) calcified crystals of minerals and enzymes. e) protein fibers and ground substance. Answer: e The stratum lucidum that is the answer in the exam d) is present only in thick skin. Answer: d How are the types of muscle tissue alike? A and B are correct In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, where is the nail matrix? a) A b) C c) E d) F e) G Answer: c Which of following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell? a) osteogenic cells, osteoclasts, osteocytes, b) osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts c) osteogenic cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts d) osteoblasts, osteogenic cells, osteocytes e) None of these choices. Answer: b In the diagram, which bone includes the foramen magnum? a) B b) C c) D d) F e) G Answer: b What is the scapular notch used for? a) Ligament attachment b) Tendon attachment c) Passageway for suprascapular nerve d) Both ligament and tendon attachment e) None of these choices are correct. Answer: c The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is found a) on the distal end. b) on the proximal end. c) along the middle region of the shaft. d) at the epiphyseal plate. e) in the surgical neck. Answer: c Which process on the femur serves as an attachment point for tendons of several thigh muscles? a) Gluteal tuberosity b) Linea aspera c) Medial epicondyle d) Both gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera e) Both linea aspera and medial epicondyle Answer: d A joint in which there is a complete fusion of two separate bones into one bone is called a a) synchondrosis. b) syndesmosis. c) symphysis. d) diarthrosis. e) synostosis. Answer: e Which of the following types of movement is shown in diagram E? a) supination b) circumduction c) pronation d) rotation e) adduction/abduction Answer: e This ligament limits hyperextension of the knee and prevents the anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur. (worded differently on exam) a) Fibular collateral ligament b) Anterior cruciate ligament c) Posterior cruciate ligament d) Patellar ligament e) Arcuate popliteal ligament Answer: b The different types of muscle tissue differ from each other by a) microscopic anatomy. b) location. c) type of Control. d) both microscopic anatomy and location. e) All of these choices are correct. Answer: e Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol a) at the beginning of a contraction. b) in response to acetylcholine binding to Ca2+ release channels. c) by active transport using Ca2+ pumps in the SR membrane. d) after the contraction ends. e) All of these answers are correct. Answer: a All of the following are primarily studies of physiology (as opposed to anatomy) EXCEPT: identifying the types of tissues present in the walls of the intestinal tract identifying the factors that affect blood pressure c describing the process by which glucose molecules are broken down describing how substances are secreted from cells e describing the process by which nerve impulses are transmitted in order to discuss the details of the metabolism of a cell, which level of structural organization would it be most helpful to understand? tissue b. organ system d organism chemical Osmometer cells in the brain sense an increase in the concentration of the blood plasma. They then notify the posterior pituitary gland to release the hormone ADH This hormone causes the kidney to save water, which lowers the concentration of the plasma. All of the Following are true for the scenario EXCEPT: The stimulus in this feedback loop is an increase in the plasma concentration. b. This is an example of a negative feedback loop. The osmometer cells acts as receptors in this feedback loop. d. The kidney acts as an effector in this feedback loop. The controlled condition regulated by this feedback loop is constant ADH secretion. Hydrophilic solutes are those that dissolve easily in lipids because they contain nonpolar covalent bonds. dissolve poorly in water because they contain nonpolar covalent bonds. • dissolve easily in water because they contain polar covalent bonds. dissolve vastly in water because they contain nonpolar covalent bonds. e dissolve poorly in water because they contain polar covalent bonds.