BSCI202: Lab Practical 1 Review Sheet
**This is a very useful study guide, but it is not necessarily all-inclusive.**
Part 1: What will be covered on this practical?
Any topic that his covered by your TA in class, the materials available on the ELMS page, the PowerPoint slides, or the
assigned exercises in the lab manual can be covered on the practical. Please use this list to use as a guide to begin
studying. You will need to know the DETAILS discussed in lab of the broad topics listed below. Please use your summary
sheets to assist in studying for the practical.
1. Background
a. Know all terms describing orientation.
b. Know anatomical left and right.
2. Metric system
a. Be able to perform conversions between metric units
b. Have an understanding of the relative size of objects in metric system
c. Know how the various units of the metric system relate to each other
3. Blood
a. Basics: Where is it found, what is it composed of and tissue is as classified as, how much of it is in a
human
Where: body within blood vessels
Composition: 55% plasma, 45% formed elements, 1% buffy coat
Connective tissue (mesenchyme)
~5 L of blood
b. Know the components of blood and relative amounts
Plasma
Formed elements
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
c. Plasma (know all plasma proteins and their function)
Albumin- maintains osmotic pressure
Globulins- immune defense
Fibrinogen- blood clotting
d. Know the formed elements: Erythrocytes, Leukocytes (Granulocytes vs agranulocytes), Platelets
Erythrocytes- transport O2 and CO2 (millions)
Platelets (150,000-400,000)
Leukocytes- immune response (4800-100,800)
Granulocytes:
Neutrophils- phagocytize pathogens
Eosinophils- kill parasitic worms, allergy and asthma
Basophils- release histamine for inflammatory response; heparin
Agranulocytes:
Lymphocytes- immune response via direct attack or antibody production
Monocytes- machropages
e. Be able to name the all of the leukocytes in order of most to least abundant -“Never Let Monkeys Eat
Bananas”
Neutrophils (3000-7000) – Lymphocytes (1500-3000) – Monocytes (100-700) – Eosinophils (100-500) –
Basophils (20-50)
f. Be able to discuss and explain disorders of the blood for example: what is anemia and/or what causes it?
Anemia- reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
Aplastic anemia- not enough new erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow
, BSCI202: Lab Practical 1 Review Sheet
Iron-deficiency anemia- smaller erythrocytes
Hemolytic anemia- erythrocytes destroyed quicker than formed
Hemorrhagic anemia- loss of blood (NOT detected)
Sickle-cell anemia- hemoglobin abnormalities
g. What is a hematocrit, how is it performed and analyzed? What factors can affect hematocrit values.
What is a buffy coat?
Normal adult female: 37-47%
Normal adult male: 42-52%
Normal newborn: 49-61%
Blood is centrifuged to separate plasma, buffy coat, and RBCs.
1. Dehydration- increased hematocrit because less plasma
2. Altitude- increased hematocrit because body produces more RBC to carry oxygen
3. Anemia- lower hematocrit
4. Leukocytosis- hematocrit decreases because higher buffy coat (>1%); infection or leukemia
h. Blood typing Ex: What are the difference between type “A” and type “B” blood. What blood types can
receive blood from other blood types? Who is the universal donor? Why? Who is the universal
recipient? Why? If shown a blood typing tray, be able to identify the blood type.
O- universal donor: no antigens
AB+ universal recipient: no antibodies
i. Know the ABO and Rh blood systems. Understand what positive and negative blood types mean in
relation to the presence of Rh antibodies on the blood cell
j. Know the four major blood groups and whom they can donate to and receive blood from
k. Know the antigens and antibodies that each blood group produces
l. Be able to identify the various blood cells if you shown the cells on a slide or picture of a particular cell.
Know the function of each blood cell discussed in lab. You will be asked to identify various blood cells-
know how to tell them apart!
4. Immune system
a. Know all of the lymphoid organs
Primary lymphoid organs:
Red bone marrow: site of b cell maturation; production of blood cells
Thymus: site of t cell maturation, peaks during childhood, produce hormones
Secondary lymphoid organs:
Lymph nodes: filter lymph
Spleen: filters blood, blood reservoir
Tonsils: around pharynx, trap and destroy pathogens
**This is a very useful study guide, but it is not necessarily all-inclusive.**
Part 1: What will be covered on this practical?
Any topic that his covered by your TA in class, the materials available on the ELMS page, the PowerPoint slides, or the
assigned exercises in the lab manual can be covered on the practical. Please use this list to use as a guide to begin
studying. You will need to know the DETAILS discussed in lab of the broad topics listed below. Please use your summary
sheets to assist in studying for the practical.
1. Background
a. Know all terms describing orientation.
b. Know anatomical left and right.
2. Metric system
a. Be able to perform conversions between metric units
b. Have an understanding of the relative size of objects in metric system
c. Know how the various units of the metric system relate to each other
3. Blood
a. Basics: Where is it found, what is it composed of and tissue is as classified as, how much of it is in a
human
Where: body within blood vessels
Composition: 55% plasma, 45% formed elements, 1% buffy coat
Connective tissue (mesenchyme)
~5 L of blood
b. Know the components of blood and relative amounts
Plasma
Formed elements
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
c. Plasma (know all plasma proteins and their function)
Albumin- maintains osmotic pressure
Globulins- immune defense
Fibrinogen- blood clotting
d. Know the formed elements: Erythrocytes, Leukocytes (Granulocytes vs agranulocytes), Platelets
Erythrocytes- transport O2 and CO2 (millions)
Platelets (150,000-400,000)
Leukocytes- immune response (4800-100,800)
Granulocytes:
Neutrophils- phagocytize pathogens
Eosinophils- kill parasitic worms, allergy and asthma
Basophils- release histamine for inflammatory response; heparin
Agranulocytes:
Lymphocytes- immune response via direct attack or antibody production
Monocytes- machropages
e. Be able to name the all of the leukocytes in order of most to least abundant -“Never Let Monkeys Eat
Bananas”
Neutrophils (3000-7000) – Lymphocytes (1500-3000) – Monocytes (100-700) – Eosinophils (100-500) –
Basophils (20-50)
f. Be able to discuss and explain disorders of the blood for example: what is anemia and/or what causes it?
Anemia- reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
Aplastic anemia- not enough new erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow
, BSCI202: Lab Practical 1 Review Sheet
Iron-deficiency anemia- smaller erythrocytes
Hemolytic anemia- erythrocytes destroyed quicker than formed
Hemorrhagic anemia- loss of blood (NOT detected)
Sickle-cell anemia- hemoglobin abnormalities
g. What is a hematocrit, how is it performed and analyzed? What factors can affect hematocrit values.
What is a buffy coat?
Normal adult female: 37-47%
Normal adult male: 42-52%
Normal newborn: 49-61%
Blood is centrifuged to separate plasma, buffy coat, and RBCs.
1. Dehydration- increased hematocrit because less plasma
2. Altitude- increased hematocrit because body produces more RBC to carry oxygen
3. Anemia- lower hematocrit
4. Leukocytosis- hematocrit decreases because higher buffy coat (>1%); infection or leukemia
h. Blood typing Ex: What are the difference between type “A” and type “B” blood. What blood types can
receive blood from other blood types? Who is the universal donor? Why? Who is the universal
recipient? Why? If shown a blood typing tray, be able to identify the blood type.
O- universal donor: no antigens
AB+ universal recipient: no antibodies
i. Know the ABO and Rh blood systems. Understand what positive and negative blood types mean in
relation to the presence of Rh antibodies on the blood cell
j. Know the four major blood groups and whom they can donate to and receive blood from
k. Know the antigens and antibodies that each blood group produces
l. Be able to identify the various blood cells if you shown the cells on a slide or picture of a particular cell.
Know the function of each blood cell discussed in lab. You will be asked to identify various blood cells-
know how to tell them apart!
4. Immune system
a. Know all of the lymphoid organs
Primary lymphoid organs:
Red bone marrow: site of b cell maturation; production of blood cells
Thymus: site of t cell maturation, peaks during childhood, produce hormones
Secondary lymphoid organs:
Lymph nodes: filter lymph
Spleen: filters blood, blood reservoir
Tonsils: around pharynx, trap and destroy pathogens
