EBIO 1210 Test 1
Exam Study Guide Latest Updated
2025/2026.
100% Certified by Expert.
What do all biologically important large molecules have in common? - ansThey are based on
Carbon (C bonds with up to four partners, facilitating the formation of large molecules)
They are constructed from small building blocks
What are the building blocks of lipids? - ansFatty acids
Building blocks of Nucleic acids? - ansDNA & RNA (built from nucleotides)
Building blocks of Proteins? - ansAmino acids
Building blocks of Large Carbohydrates? - ansPolysaccharides (from the simplest sugars-
monosaccharides)
The 3 classes of lipids and their functions: - ans1. Fats- store energy
2. Phospholipids- Form biological membranes
3. Steroids- Act as hormones/ regulate genes
Building Blocks of a Fat - ansGlycerol + 3 fatty acid chains
A saturated fatty acid is saturated with the maximal number of: - ansHydrogen atoms and C-
H bonds
Predict the result(s) of removing hydrogen
atoms from the fatty acid tails of a saturated fat: - ansThe number of carbon-carbon (C=C)
double
bonds in the fat molecule increases.
The fat becomes more fluid
C-H bond has features that are
essential for life: - ans(1) serves as an energy source
(2) does not mix with water &
serves as a barrier around
cells to keep certain
substances in or out
What do all of the energy-rich substances (methane, hydrocarbon, hydrogen gas ) have in
common? - ansThey all contain electrons loosely held between two partner atoms
*** C-H bonds provide energy... but hydrogen has no carbon, so this cannot be the answer
What do the two low-energy products CO2 and H2O have in common? - ansThey both
contain electrons tightly held by one of the partner atoms.
They both contain oxygen
What kind of energy state do substances with loosely held electrons have? - ansHigh potential
energy state = unstable, reactive
What kind of energy state do substances with tightly held electrons have? - ansLow potential
energy state = stable, not reactive
What potential energy to Nonpolar Covalent Bonds have? - ansHigh chemical potential
energy- reactive!
, EBIO 1210 Test 1
Exam Study Guide Latest Updated
2025/2026.
100% Certified by Expert.
What potential energy to Polar covalent bonds have? - ansLow chemical potential energy-
stable!
Which releases more energy... Burning a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid - ansSaturated....
only needs a nudge
The C=C bond is stronger and costs more energy to break than
C-H
Which fat has the SECOND greatest number of C-H bonds? Each fatty acid chain has 18
carbon atoms.
A) a fat containing only monounsaturated fatty acids
B) a fat containing 1 saturated fatty acid and 2 monounsaturated
fatty acids
C) a fat containing only saturated fatty acids
D) a fat containing 2 saturated fatty acids and 1
monounsaturated fatty acid - ansD) saturated C-H bonds are more abundant than the 1 C=C
bond in the monounsaturated
How are large molecules formed? - ansDehydration Synthesis- Large molecules are formed
from monomers by removing water:
-H from one end
&
-OH from the
other
How are large molecules broken down? - ansHydrolysis- Large molecules are broken down
by adding water.
Predict how many molecules of water are
needed to completely break down a fat into
its monomers? - ans3
A fat is a TRIglyceride = 3 fatty acid bonds.... need a water molecule to break EACH bond
Predict how many molecules of water are
needed to completely break down a polymer
consisting of 20 monomers: - ans19
Always one less molecule than there are monomers
Picture the beginning synthesis of a polymer made of
the following kind of monomers. Each monomer contains 2 carbon (C) atoms, 6 hydrogen
(H) atoms, and 1 oxygen (O) atom; each monomer has the formula C2H6O. What is the
formula of the molecule formed after connecting three of these monomers? - ansC6H14O
This type of bond forms water molecules, based on the electrical attraction between opposite
partial electrical charges - ansHydrogen bonds
Four of the five features below are characteristics of C-H bonds. Which is not?
Exam Study Guide Latest Updated
2025/2026.
100% Certified by Expert.
What do all biologically important large molecules have in common? - ansThey are based on
Carbon (C bonds with up to four partners, facilitating the formation of large molecules)
They are constructed from small building blocks
What are the building blocks of lipids? - ansFatty acids
Building blocks of Nucleic acids? - ansDNA & RNA (built from nucleotides)
Building blocks of Proteins? - ansAmino acids
Building blocks of Large Carbohydrates? - ansPolysaccharides (from the simplest sugars-
monosaccharides)
The 3 classes of lipids and their functions: - ans1. Fats- store energy
2. Phospholipids- Form biological membranes
3. Steroids- Act as hormones/ regulate genes
Building Blocks of a Fat - ansGlycerol + 3 fatty acid chains
A saturated fatty acid is saturated with the maximal number of: - ansHydrogen atoms and C-
H bonds
Predict the result(s) of removing hydrogen
atoms from the fatty acid tails of a saturated fat: - ansThe number of carbon-carbon (C=C)
double
bonds in the fat molecule increases.
The fat becomes more fluid
C-H bond has features that are
essential for life: - ans(1) serves as an energy source
(2) does not mix with water &
serves as a barrier around
cells to keep certain
substances in or out
What do all of the energy-rich substances (methane, hydrocarbon, hydrogen gas ) have in
common? - ansThey all contain electrons loosely held between two partner atoms
*** C-H bonds provide energy... but hydrogen has no carbon, so this cannot be the answer
What do the two low-energy products CO2 and H2O have in common? - ansThey both
contain electrons tightly held by one of the partner atoms.
They both contain oxygen
What kind of energy state do substances with loosely held electrons have? - ansHigh potential
energy state = unstable, reactive
What kind of energy state do substances with tightly held electrons have? - ansLow potential
energy state = stable, not reactive
What potential energy to Nonpolar Covalent Bonds have? - ansHigh chemical potential
energy- reactive!
, EBIO 1210 Test 1
Exam Study Guide Latest Updated
2025/2026.
100% Certified by Expert.
What potential energy to Polar covalent bonds have? - ansLow chemical potential energy-
stable!
Which releases more energy... Burning a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid - ansSaturated....
only needs a nudge
The C=C bond is stronger and costs more energy to break than
C-H
Which fat has the SECOND greatest number of C-H bonds? Each fatty acid chain has 18
carbon atoms.
A) a fat containing only monounsaturated fatty acids
B) a fat containing 1 saturated fatty acid and 2 monounsaturated
fatty acids
C) a fat containing only saturated fatty acids
D) a fat containing 2 saturated fatty acids and 1
monounsaturated fatty acid - ansD) saturated C-H bonds are more abundant than the 1 C=C
bond in the monounsaturated
How are large molecules formed? - ansDehydration Synthesis- Large molecules are formed
from monomers by removing water:
-H from one end
&
-OH from the
other
How are large molecules broken down? - ansHydrolysis- Large molecules are broken down
by adding water.
Predict how many molecules of water are
needed to completely break down a fat into
its monomers? - ans3
A fat is a TRIglyceride = 3 fatty acid bonds.... need a water molecule to break EACH bond
Predict how many molecules of water are
needed to completely break down a polymer
consisting of 20 monomers: - ans19
Always one less molecule than there are monomers
Picture the beginning synthesis of a polymer made of
the following kind of monomers. Each monomer contains 2 carbon (C) atoms, 6 hydrogen
(H) atoms, and 1 oxygen (O) atom; each monomer has the formula C2H6O. What is the
formula of the molecule formed after connecting three of these monomers? - ansC6H14O
This type of bond forms water molecules, based on the electrical attraction between opposite
partial electrical charges - ansHydrogen bonds
Four of the five features below are characteristics of C-H bonds. Which is not?
