Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1 with
correct answers
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A programmed cell death that is regulated
or programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell
populations
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rapid loss of the plasma membrane
structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the
kidney and heart) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ischemia
Main component of a cell - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔RNA, most of
cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
,Why are histone important? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔histones bind to DNA
and fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What are ribosomes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cytoplasm and rough
ER
what are ribosomes chief function? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔provides sits for
cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a network of
flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of
the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔takes proteins
from the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-bound
vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔maintain
cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless
organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
, How does aging affect lysosomes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔leads to progressive
loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative capacity of organs
and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate
them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either
proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cellular
respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of
oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what
two things (2), and metabolizes what three things (3)? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic
dearangements? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔carbs, proteins, and lipids
correct answers
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A programmed cell death that is regulated
or programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell
populations
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rapid loss of the plasma membrane
structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the
kidney and heart) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ischemia
Main component of a cell - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔RNA, most of
cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
,Why are histone important? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔histones bind to DNA
and fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What are ribosomes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cytoplasm and rough
ER
what are ribosomes chief function? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔provides sits for
cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a network of
flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of
the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔takes proteins
from the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-bound
vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔maintain
cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless
organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
, How does aging affect lysosomes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔leads to progressive
loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative capacity of organs
and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate
them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either
proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cellular
respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of
oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what
two things (2), and metabolizes what three things (3)? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic
dearangements? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔carbs, proteins, and lipids
