Maryville NURS 611 Exam 3 Review
questions with correct ANSWERS
What 2 unique properties do RBC's have? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1.
Biconcave shape
2. Capacity to be reversibly deformed
What does the flattened, biconcave shape of an RBC provide? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔A surface area/ volume ratio thats optimal for gas diffusion into
and out fo the cell
How does the RBCs reversible deformity allow for the erythrocyte? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔To assume a more compact torpedo-like shape,
squeeze through microcirculation, and return to normal
What is hemoglobin synthesis very dependent on? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Nutritional intake
Name two of the most important nutrients for hemoglobin synthesis? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
-Iron
What are the values of iron for male and females? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Male: 16
,Female: 14
What makes the iron cycle possible? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Transferin
What is transferrin? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Plasma Carrier
Explain the process of the iron cycle: - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Tissue
macrophages (mostly in spleen) break down ingested erythrocytes
2. Break down ingested erythrocytes
3. Return iron to the bloodstream directly or after storing it
What are leukocytes and what two things do they do? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔- WBCs
1.Defends the body against microorganisms that cause infection
2. Remove debris (dead/injured cells)
What do leukocytes primarily act in? Where are they transported? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔The tissues but are transported in the circulation
How many leukocytes does the average adult have? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔5-10k leukocytes/mm3 of blood
What is the most numerous and best understood of the granulocytes? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Neutrophils (PMN)
,What are immature neutrophils called? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔bands or
stabs
What are mature neutrophils called? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔segmented
neutrophils b/c of the appearance of their nucleus
What happens when the demand for circulating mature neutrophils exceeds
the supply? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Marrow begins to release immature
neutrophils in the blood
What are responsible for "shift-to-the-left" or leukemoid reaction? (2) -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Premature release of immature white cells
2. Systemic signs of infection such as fever
What is anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. A reduction in the total
number of erythrocytes in the circulating blood
2. A decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin
What 4 things usually cause anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Impaired
erythrocyte production
2. Blood loss (acute or chronic)
3. Increased erythrocyte destruction
4. Combo of all these
, What 2 things happen in megaloblastic anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1.
Cells are challenged to make DNA
2. RNA production proceeds normally
What are characteristics of megaloblastic anemia(3)? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔1. Cells have slow-maturing nuclei
2. Normal maturing cytoplasm
3. Megaloblastic erythroid precursors that grow large before the larger nuclei
becomes mature enough to signal division
What does megaloblastic anemia cause? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The cell
to be larger than normal
What is an example of megaloblastic anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Pernicious anemia (Vit B12 deficiency anemia)
What is the principal disorder of Pernicious anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Absence of Intrinsic factor
Where is IF secreted and how is vit B12 involved? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔1. Gastric parietal cells
2. Complexes with dietary vitamin B12 in the small intestine
What can pernicious anemia lead to? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Wide
spectrum of hematologic and neuropsychiatric disorders that can be reversed
by early diagnosis and prompt treatment
questions with correct ANSWERS
What 2 unique properties do RBC's have? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1.
Biconcave shape
2. Capacity to be reversibly deformed
What does the flattened, biconcave shape of an RBC provide? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔A surface area/ volume ratio thats optimal for gas diffusion into
and out fo the cell
How does the RBCs reversible deformity allow for the erythrocyte? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔To assume a more compact torpedo-like shape,
squeeze through microcirculation, and return to normal
What is hemoglobin synthesis very dependent on? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Nutritional intake
Name two of the most important nutrients for hemoglobin synthesis? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
-Iron
What are the values of iron for male and females? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Male: 16
,Female: 14
What makes the iron cycle possible? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Transferin
What is transferrin? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Plasma Carrier
Explain the process of the iron cycle: - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Tissue
macrophages (mostly in spleen) break down ingested erythrocytes
2. Break down ingested erythrocytes
3. Return iron to the bloodstream directly or after storing it
What are leukocytes and what two things do they do? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔- WBCs
1.Defends the body against microorganisms that cause infection
2. Remove debris (dead/injured cells)
What do leukocytes primarily act in? Where are they transported? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔The tissues but are transported in the circulation
How many leukocytes does the average adult have? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔5-10k leukocytes/mm3 of blood
What is the most numerous and best understood of the granulocytes? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Neutrophils (PMN)
,What are immature neutrophils called? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔bands or
stabs
What are mature neutrophils called? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔segmented
neutrophils b/c of the appearance of their nucleus
What happens when the demand for circulating mature neutrophils exceeds
the supply? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Marrow begins to release immature
neutrophils in the blood
What are responsible for "shift-to-the-left" or leukemoid reaction? (2) -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Premature release of immature white cells
2. Systemic signs of infection such as fever
What is anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. A reduction in the total
number of erythrocytes in the circulating blood
2. A decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin
What 4 things usually cause anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Impaired
erythrocyte production
2. Blood loss (acute or chronic)
3. Increased erythrocyte destruction
4. Combo of all these
, What 2 things happen in megaloblastic anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1.
Cells are challenged to make DNA
2. RNA production proceeds normally
What are characteristics of megaloblastic anemia(3)? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔1. Cells have slow-maturing nuclei
2. Normal maturing cytoplasm
3. Megaloblastic erythroid precursors that grow large before the larger nuclei
becomes mature enough to signal division
What does megaloblastic anemia cause? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The cell
to be larger than normal
What is an example of megaloblastic anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Pernicious anemia (Vit B12 deficiency anemia)
What is the principal disorder of Pernicious anemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Absence of Intrinsic factor
Where is IF secreted and how is vit B12 involved? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔1. Gastric parietal cells
2. Complexes with dietary vitamin B12 in the small intestine
What can pernicious anemia lead to? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Wide
spectrum of hematologic and neuropsychiatric disorders that can be reversed
by early diagnosis and prompt treatment
