Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2
questions with correct answers
Parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Body system
responsible for conserving energy and body resources
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Body system
that responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood
flow to GI and integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Focal or
diffuse (aka multifocal)
focal brain injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔specific, grossly observable
brain lesions that occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
diffuse brain injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔include brain injury due to
hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause
collateral dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
,autonomic hyperreflexia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔affected at the t5-t6 level
or above; characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a
pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion with
flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by
pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔individual most likely to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The
intact ANS reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood
pressure. Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta
sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the
visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot
pass through the cord
Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔leading cause of dementia and
one of the most common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔age, family history
, what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔low calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause,
NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2,
and APP (amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔postmortem examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔hypertension (87% of occurrences)
what are common risk factors for stroke - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔arterial
HTN, insulin resistance and DM, elevated cholesterol or low high density
lipoprotein (HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia,
congestive heart disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis,
polycythemia and thrombocythemia, a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy,
high sodium intake above 2300mg, low potassium intake less than 4700mg,
smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a
bacterial/viral infection such as respiratory or GI illness (ex: flu) - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Guillain-Barre syndrome
questions with correct answers
Parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Body system
responsible for conserving energy and body resources
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Body system
that responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood
flow to GI and integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Focal or
diffuse (aka multifocal)
focal brain injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔specific, grossly observable
brain lesions that occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
diffuse brain injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔include brain injury due to
hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause
collateral dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
,autonomic hyperreflexia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔affected at the t5-t6 level
or above; characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a
pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion with
flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by
pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔individual most likely to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The
intact ANS reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood
pressure. Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta
sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the
visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot
pass through the cord
Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔leading cause of dementia and
one of the most common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔age, family history
, what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔low calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause,
NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2,
and APP (amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔postmortem examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔hypertension (87% of occurrences)
what are common risk factors for stroke - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔arterial
HTN, insulin resistance and DM, elevated cholesterol or low high density
lipoprotein (HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia,
congestive heart disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis,
polycythemia and thrombocythemia, a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy,
high sodium intake above 2300mg, low potassium intake less than 4700mg,
smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a
bacterial/viral infection such as respiratory or GI illness (ex: flu) - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Guillain-Barre syndrome
