Page | 1
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CNSC Exam Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers (100% Correct
Answers) /Already Graded A+
Half life of albumin and pre-albumin
Ans: Albumin: 14-20 days
Prealbumin: 2-3 days
List negative acute phase proteins
Ans: Prealbumin
Albumin
Transferrin
Retinol-binding protein
(decreased in inflammation)
List positive acute-phase proteins
Ans: Cytokines
CRP (c-reactive protein)
Define sarcopenia
Ans: Age-related muscle mass
Cachexia
Ans: Loss of muscle mass, irrespective of adipose tissue changes (not
responsive to nutrition interventions/support)
,Page | 2
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+1 edema
Ans: 2 mm depression or less
Rebound immediate
+2 edema
Ans: 2-4 mm deppression
Rebound after a few seconds
+3 edema
Ans: 4-6 mm depression
Rebound after 10-12 seconds
+4 edema
Ans: 6-8 mm depression
Rebound in >20 seconds
Electrolyte abnormalities with refeeding risk
Ans: -Hypophosphatemia (in most cases)
-Low K
-Low mag
-Low ca
-Hyponatremia
-Hyperglycemia
Other symptoms of refeeding
,Page | 3
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Ans: -Cardiac arrest/arrythmias
-Thiamin deficiency
-Hypotension
-Fluid retention
-Shortness of breath/resp failure
Advancement of EN if at risk of refeeding
Ans: Advancing to goal rate over 3-5 days
What is volume-based feeding?
Ans: When EN is prescribed in goal volume per day instead of per hour in
critically ill patients. Protocols involve starting at goal rate or rapid
advancement.
When should EN be delayed in critically ill patients?
Ans: If they are hemodynamically unstable --> MAPs <50, starting high
dose/increasing rate of vasopressors (may result in gut ischemia due to low
blood pressure to the gut)
Definition of hypocaloric feeding
Ans: 65-70% of energy needs based on indirect calorimetry for obese
critically ill patients
Benefit of hypocaloric feeding in obese patients
Ans: Minimizes metabolic complications of feeding, mobilize adipose store and
increases insulin sensitivity
, Page | 4
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What factors can impact the accuracy of a nitrogen balance study?
Ans: -Impaired renal function
-Incomplete collection of GI losses through fistulas, stool or ostomies
What are the essential fatty acids?
Ans: 1. Linoleic acid 2. Linolenic acid
What is osmolality?
Ans: the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute
particles per kilogram.
What is considered a hyperosmolar solution?
Ans: >320 mOsm/kg
-Can contribute to diarrhea (though this is only likely with formulas containing
sucrose delivered into small intestine directly since formula gets diluted by
saliva/gastric juices in stomach)
Hang time for open system ready-to-feed formula
Ans: 8-12 hours
Hang time for reconstituted formula
Ans: 4 hours
Time allowed in refrigerator for reconstituted formula
Click here for more: Scholarsnexus - Stuvia US
CNSC Exam Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers (100% Correct
Answers) /Already Graded A+
Half life of albumin and pre-albumin
Ans: Albumin: 14-20 days
Prealbumin: 2-3 days
List negative acute phase proteins
Ans: Prealbumin
Albumin
Transferrin
Retinol-binding protein
(decreased in inflammation)
List positive acute-phase proteins
Ans: Cytokines
CRP (c-reactive protein)
Define sarcopenia
Ans: Age-related muscle mass
Cachexia
Ans: Loss of muscle mass, irrespective of adipose tissue changes (not
responsive to nutrition interventions/support)
,Page | 2
Click here for more: Scholarsnexus - Stuvia US
+1 edema
Ans: 2 mm depression or less
Rebound immediate
+2 edema
Ans: 2-4 mm deppression
Rebound after a few seconds
+3 edema
Ans: 4-6 mm depression
Rebound after 10-12 seconds
+4 edema
Ans: 6-8 mm depression
Rebound in >20 seconds
Electrolyte abnormalities with refeeding risk
Ans: -Hypophosphatemia (in most cases)
-Low K
-Low mag
-Low ca
-Hyponatremia
-Hyperglycemia
Other symptoms of refeeding
,Page | 3
Click here for more: Scholarsnexus - Stuvia US
Ans: -Cardiac arrest/arrythmias
-Thiamin deficiency
-Hypotension
-Fluid retention
-Shortness of breath/resp failure
Advancement of EN if at risk of refeeding
Ans: Advancing to goal rate over 3-5 days
What is volume-based feeding?
Ans: When EN is prescribed in goal volume per day instead of per hour in
critically ill patients. Protocols involve starting at goal rate or rapid
advancement.
When should EN be delayed in critically ill patients?
Ans: If they are hemodynamically unstable --> MAPs <50, starting high
dose/increasing rate of vasopressors (may result in gut ischemia due to low
blood pressure to the gut)
Definition of hypocaloric feeding
Ans: 65-70% of energy needs based on indirect calorimetry for obese
critically ill patients
Benefit of hypocaloric feeding in obese patients
Ans: Minimizes metabolic complications of feeding, mobilize adipose store and
increases insulin sensitivity
, Page | 4
Click here for more: Scholarsnexus - Stuvia US
What factors can impact the accuracy of a nitrogen balance study?
Ans: -Impaired renal function
-Incomplete collection of GI losses through fistulas, stool or ostomies
What are the essential fatty acids?
Ans: 1. Linoleic acid 2. Linolenic acid
What is osmolality?
Ans: the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute
particles per kilogram.
What is considered a hyperosmolar solution?
Ans: >320 mOsm/kg
-Can contribute to diarrhea (though this is only likely with formulas containing
sucrose delivered into small intestine directly since formula gets diluted by
saliva/gastric juices in stomach)
Hang time for open system ready-to-feed formula
Ans: 8-12 hours
Hang time for reconstituted formula
Ans: 4 hours
Time allowed in refrigerator for reconstituted formula
