NURS 6501-ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUIZ 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SERIES
How are cells specialized? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------through the process of differentiation
or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------movement,
conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and
communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------
the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------Cellular injury
causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------the largest
membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions of the
nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the
space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS------
--a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It
specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------a network of
smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is responsible for
processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
, What are lysosomes and what do they do? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------saclike structures that
originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for
digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and
carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------involved in the production and
breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------The major workhorses of the
cell, if misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------. Mitochondria contain
the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The
internal skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules and actin
filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------encloses the cell and, by
controlling the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic
pathways
What is signal transduction? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------The transfer of molecular signals
from the exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------protein
homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is composed of ribosomes
(makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown or proteolytic systems. Malfunction of these
systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------on the plasma membrane, enable
the cell to interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------(1) the
extracellular membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3)
specialized cell junctions.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUIZ 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SERIES
How are cells specialized? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------through the process of differentiation
or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------movement,
conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and
communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------
the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------Cellular injury
causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------the largest
membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions of the
nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the
space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS------
--a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It
specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------a network of
smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is responsible for
processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
, What are lysosomes and what do they do? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------saclike structures that
originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for
digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and
carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------involved in the production and
breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------The major workhorses of the
cell, if misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------. Mitochondria contain
the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The
internal skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules and actin
filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------encloses the cell and, by
controlling the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic
pathways
What is signal transduction? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------The transfer of molecular signals
from the exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------protein
homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is composed of ribosomes
(makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown or proteolytic systems. Malfunction of these
systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------on the plasma membrane, enable
the cell to interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - -----------CORRECT ANSWERS--------(1) the
extracellular membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3)
specialized cell junctions.
