WILDLIFE FINAL EXAM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
age distribution - Answer-o Number of individuals of each age in a population
o Reproductive capacity differs at each age class
o Mortality differs at each age class
o Important to number of offspring produced
dispersal - Answer-movement to a new area
emigration - Answer-migration from a population
immigration - Answer-migration to a population
limiting factors - Answer-o Factors that prevent unlimited population growth
o May be within or outside the population
o May be dependent on population density, or unrelated to density
carrying capacity - Answer-o The maximum sustainable population for a certain
species in a certain area
o Limiting factors help to define the carrying capacity of a population
o The carrying capacity for a population may change as environmental factors
change
o K = carrying capacity
fecundity - Answer-potential number of offspring produced by an individual over time
fertility - Answer-percentage of eggs that are fertile
production - Answer-actual number of offspring produced in a given time
r-strategist - Answer-o Small organisms
o Short-lived
o Many offspring
o Exploit unstable environments
o Many offspring, limited parental care
o High juvenile mortality
o Populations are affected by outside factors
k-strategist - Answer-o Large organisms
o Occupy stable environments
o Long lived
o Produce few offspring
o Extensive parental care
o Low juvenile death rate
o Susceptible to density-dependent factors
compensatory mortality - Answer-harvest within a harvestable surplus
, additive mortality - Answer-harvest beyond the harvestable surplus
density dependent factors - Answer-causes higher mortality or decreased birth rate
population increases
density independent factors - Answer-causes high mortality or decreased birth rate
regardless of population density
behavior - Answer-the actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or
internal stimuli
nocturnal - Answer-active at night
diurnal - Answer-active during the day
crepuscular - Answer-active in twilight
learned behavior - Answer-range from simple behavioral changes to complex
problem solving
allopatric - Answer-o A speciation that occurs when biological populations of the
same species become isolated from each other to an extent that interferes with
genetic interchange
sympatric - Answer-o Is the process through which new species evolve from a single
ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region
intraspecific competition - Answer-competition between members of the same
species
interspecific competition - Answer-competition between members of different species
competitive exclusion theory - Answer-- No two organisms can occupy the same
niche at the same time in the same place
- The more similar the organisms are, the more intense the competition between
them
- The less-fit species will have to evolve into a different niche, move to a different
area, or become extinct
parasitism - Answer-one organism, known as the parasite lives on or in another
organism known as the host from which it derives nutrients to the detriment of the
host
ectoparasite - Answer-live on the outside, or surface of the host
endoparasite - Answer-live inside the host
commensalism - Answer-a relationship between organisms where one benefits and
the other organism is not affected
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
age distribution - Answer-o Number of individuals of each age in a population
o Reproductive capacity differs at each age class
o Mortality differs at each age class
o Important to number of offspring produced
dispersal - Answer-movement to a new area
emigration - Answer-migration from a population
immigration - Answer-migration to a population
limiting factors - Answer-o Factors that prevent unlimited population growth
o May be within or outside the population
o May be dependent on population density, or unrelated to density
carrying capacity - Answer-o The maximum sustainable population for a certain
species in a certain area
o Limiting factors help to define the carrying capacity of a population
o The carrying capacity for a population may change as environmental factors
change
o K = carrying capacity
fecundity - Answer-potential number of offspring produced by an individual over time
fertility - Answer-percentage of eggs that are fertile
production - Answer-actual number of offspring produced in a given time
r-strategist - Answer-o Small organisms
o Short-lived
o Many offspring
o Exploit unstable environments
o Many offspring, limited parental care
o High juvenile mortality
o Populations are affected by outside factors
k-strategist - Answer-o Large organisms
o Occupy stable environments
o Long lived
o Produce few offspring
o Extensive parental care
o Low juvenile death rate
o Susceptible to density-dependent factors
compensatory mortality - Answer-harvest within a harvestable surplus
, additive mortality - Answer-harvest beyond the harvestable surplus
density dependent factors - Answer-causes higher mortality or decreased birth rate
population increases
density independent factors - Answer-causes high mortality or decreased birth rate
regardless of population density
behavior - Answer-the actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or
internal stimuli
nocturnal - Answer-active at night
diurnal - Answer-active during the day
crepuscular - Answer-active in twilight
learned behavior - Answer-range from simple behavioral changes to complex
problem solving
allopatric - Answer-o A speciation that occurs when biological populations of the
same species become isolated from each other to an extent that interferes with
genetic interchange
sympatric - Answer-o Is the process through which new species evolve from a single
ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region
intraspecific competition - Answer-competition between members of the same
species
interspecific competition - Answer-competition between members of different species
competitive exclusion theory - Answer-- No two organisms can occupy the same
niche at the same time in the same place
- The more similar the organisms are, the more intense the competition between
them
- The less-fit species will have to evolve into a different niche, move to a different
area, or become extinct
parasitism - Answer-one organism, known as the parasite lives on or in another
organism known as the host from which it derives nutrients to the detriment of the
host
ectoparasite - Answer-live on the outside, or surface of the host
endoparasite - Answer-live inside the host
commensalism - Answer-a relationship between organisms where one benefits and
the other organism is not affected
