NYSTCE Multi-Subject CST ELA / Exam Questions &
Certified Solutions.
Terms in this set (319)
Prereading All knowledge, skills and experience that come
before conventional literacy. Students gain oral
vocabulary, learn sentence structure, develop
phonological awareness
Running record An assessment which measures a child' fluency during oral
reading
Balanced Literacy Models strategies teachers use to allow for different learning styles
Phonological awareness an awareness of an the ability to manipulate the sounds of
spoken words; it is a broad term that includes identifying
and making rhymes, recognizing alliteration, identifying and
working with syllables in spoken words, identifying and
working with onsets and rhymes in spoken syllables.
Phoneme in a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual
Phonemic Awareness
sounds, phonemes, in oral language.
,5 Major Types of Tasks to 1. Recognize sets of works have similar sounds (identifying
develop Phonemic rhyming words in a sentence) 2. Learn to examine a set of
words to determine which is not like the others, oddity task)
Awareness
3. Learn how to blend sounds to create words 4. Divide
words into their phonemes (segmenting words) and count
the number of sounds in a word 5. Learn how to manipulate
the sounds in a word by substituting or deleting one or many
phonemes
Print Concept Understanding how text works to communicate a
message. Includes handing of books and orientation of
text.
Ways to facilitate print Combining movement activities to convey bottom, top side.
concepts Teach the parts of a book. Experiences with different fonts
and text sizes and the different meanings they have.
Spacing. Writing exercises. Use of meta-language to descibe
books.
Track Print student understands the direction of the text
Alphabet Recognition being able to identify the letters of the alphabet both capital and
lowercase when asked to do so
Alphabetic principle the relationship between letters or combinations of letters
(graphemes) and sounds (phonemes)
Letter-sound refers to the identification of sounds associated with individual
correspondence letters and letter combination.
Short Vowel sounds every vowel has two sounds, the vocal cords are more
relaxed when producing the short vowel sound because of
this the sounds are often referred to as lax. They can be
heard at the beginning of these words: apple, Ed, igloo,
octopus, and umbrella.
Digraph n. A union of two characters representing a single sound.
n. The sound produced by combining two vowels in to a
Diphthong
single syllable or running together the sounds.
,CVC consonant-vowel-consonant pattern which produces a short
vowel sound or a closed syllable.
Consonant Clusters - also called blends
- Consonants that occur side by side within the
samesyllable.
-No intervening vowel sound
Phonics teaching reading by training beginners to associate letters
with their sound values
Phonograms Often called word families, these end in high frequency
rimes that vary only in the beginning consonant sound to
make a word. For example, back, sack, black and track.
Onset the part of a syllable (or the one-syllable word) that comes
before the vowel (e.g., str in string)
Rime The vowel and the ending consonants after the onset
Semantic Cues Use of knowledge about the subject of the text and words
associated with that subject to identify an unknown word
within a text: meaning cues from each sentence and the
evolving whole.
Children use their prior knowledge, sense of the story, and
pictures to support their predicting and confirming the
meaning of the text.
Syntactic Cues hints that rely on language structure or rules (sometimes
called grammatical cues) Grammatical information in a text
that readers process to construct meaning.
Content clues surrounding words that help you figure out the meaning of
unfamiliar words
Syllabication the ability to conceptualize and separate words into their
basic pronunciation components.
The way in which the parts of a word are arranged together-
word structure
used to determine a word's meaning
,
Certified Solutions.
Terms in this set (319)
Prereading All knowledge, skills and experience that come
before conventional literacy. Students gain oral
vocabulary, learn sentence structure, develop
phonological awareness
Running record An assessment which measures a child' fluency during oral
reading
Balanced Literacy Models strategies teachers use to allow for different learning styles
Phonological awareness an awareness of an the ability to manipulate the sounds of
spoken words; it is a broad term that includes identifying
and making rhymes, recognizing alliteration, identifying and
working with syllables in spoken words, identifying and
working with onsets and rhymes in spoken syllables.
Phoneme in a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual
Phonemic Awareness
sounds, phonemes, in oral language.
,5 Major Types of Tasks to 1. Recognize sets of works have similar sounds (identifying
develop Phonemic rhyming words in a sentence) 2. Learn to examine a set of
words to determine which is not like the others, oddity task)
Awareness
3. Learn how to blend sounds to create words 4. Divide
words into their phonemes (segmenting words) and count
the number of sounds in a word 5. Learn how to manipulate
the sounds in a word by substituting or deleting one or many
phonemes
Print Concept Understanding how text works to communicate a
message. Includes handing of books and orientation of
text.
Ways to facilitate print Combining movement activities to convey bottom, top side.
concepts Teach the parts of a book. Experiences with different fonts
and text sizes and the different meanings they have.
Spacing. Writing exercises. Use of meta-language to descibe
books.
Track Print student understands the direction of the text
Alphabet Recognition being able to identify the letters of the alphabet both capital and
lowercase when asked to do so
Alphabetic principle the relationship between letters or combinations of letters
(graphemes) and sounds (phonemes)
Letter-sound refers to the identification of sounds associated with individual
correspondence letters and letter combination.
Short Vowel sounds every vowel has two sounds, the vocal cords are more
relaxed when producing the short vowel sound because of
this the sounds are often referred to as lax. They can be
heard at the beginning of these words: apple, Ed, igloo,
octopus, and umbrella.
Digraph n. A union of two characters representing a single sound.
n. The sound produced by combining two vowels in to a
Diphthong
single syllable or running together the sounds.
,CVC consonant-vowel-consonant pattern which produces a short
vowel sound or a closed syllable.
Consonant Clusters - also called blends
- Consonants that occur side by side within the
samesyllable.
-No intervening vowel sound
Phonics teaching reading by training beginners to associate letters
with their sound values
Phonograms Often called word families, these end in high frequency
rimes that vary only in the beginning consonant sound to
make a word. For example, back, sack, black and track.
Onset the part of a syllable (or the one-syllable word) that comes
before the vowel (e.g., str in string)
Rime The vowel and the ending consonants after the onset
Semantic Cues Use of knowledge about the subject of the text and words
associated with that subject to identify an unknown word
within a text: meaning cues from each sentence and the
evolving whole.
Children use their prior knowledge, sense of the story, and
pictures to support their predicting and confirming the
meaning of the text.
Syntactic Cues hints that rely on language structure or rules (sometimes
called grammatical cues) Grammatical information in a text
that readers process to construct meaning.
Content clues surrounding words that help you figure out the meaning of
unfamiliar words
Syllabication the ability to conceptualize and separate words into their
basic pronunciation components.
The way in which the parts of a word are arranged together-
word structure
used to determine a word's meaning
,
