Question 1
A 65‐year‐old patient is started on a new antihypertensive
medication. Which action is the most important step for the
nurse to ensure safe medication administration?
(A) Verify the patient’s identity and read the medication
label.
(B) Ask the patient if they have taken the medication
before.
(C) Document the medication administration immediately
afterward.
(D) Monitor the blood pressure only after administering the
medication.
Correct Answer: (A)
Rationale: Verifying the patient’s identity and ensuring you
read the medication label are critical safety checks to
prevent medication errors. (B), (C), and (D) are important
but come after confirming correct identification and
medication details.
Question 2
A patient with a postoperative indwelling Foley catheter is
at risk for developing a catheter-associated urinary tract
infection (CAUTI). Which intervention is most effective in
reducing this risk?
(A) Maintain a closed drainage system.
(B) Increase the patient’s fluid intake.
,(C) Irrigate the catheter frequently.
(D) Change the catheter daily.
Correct Answer: (A)
Rationale: Using and maintaining a closed drainage
system minimizes opportunities for bacterial entry.
Frequent irrigation or daily changing of the catheter may
disrupt the closed system and increase infection risk.
Question 3
An immobile patient is at high risk for pressure ulcers.
Which nursing intervention is best to prevent pressure
injuries?
(A) Use friction-reducing devices on bedding.
(B) Reposition the patient every 2 hours.
(C) Increase protein intake in the diet.
(D) Utilize a water mattress exclusively.
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: Repositioning at least every 2 hours is a proven
method for reducing prolonged pressure on bony
prominences and preventing pressure ulcers. While other
options may help, frequent repositioning is key.
Question 4
A patient shows signs of hypovolemic shock. Which
clinical indicator is most reliable for early identification?
(A) Increased blood pressure.
, (B) Elevated heart rate.
(C) Warm, dry skin.
(D) Decreased respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: Tachycardia (elevated heart rate) is one of the
earliest signs of hypovolemia. Low blood pressure may
follow, but early detection often relies on increased heart
rate.
Question 5
A nurse is administering medications to a patient with liver
failure. Which aspect of pharmacokinetics is most affected
by impaired liver function?
(A) Absorption.
(B) Distribution.
(C) Metabolism.
(D) Excretion.
Correct Answer: (C)
Rationale: The liver is central to drug metabolism. In liver
failure, the metabolism (and therefore clearance) of many
drugs is impaired, increasing the risk of toxicity.
Question 6
When discussing treatment options with a patient, which
ethical principle requires that the patient receive all
necessary information to make an informed decision?
A 65‐year‐old patient is started on a new antihypertensive
medication. Which action is the most important step for the
nurse to ensure safe medication administration?
(A) Verify the patient’s identity and read the medication
label.
(B) Ask the patient if they have taken the medication
before.
(C) Document the medication administration immediately
afterward.
(D) Monitor the blood pressure only after administering the
medication.
Correct Answer: (A)
Rationale: Verifying the patient’s identity and ensuring you
read the medication label are critical safety checks to
prevent medication errors. (B), (C), and (D) are important
but come after confirming correct identification and
medication details.
Question 2
A patient with a postoperative indwelling Foley catheter is
at risk for developing a catheter-associated urinary tract
infection (CAUTI). Which intervention is most effective in
reducing this risk?
(A) Maintain a closed drainage system.
(B) Increase the patient’s fluid intake.
,(C) Irrigate the catheter frequently.
(D) Change the catheter daily.
Correct Answer: (A)
Rationale: Using and maintaining a closed drainage
system minimizes opportunities for bacterial entry.
Frequent irrigation or daily changing of the catheter may
disrupt the closed system and increase infection risk.
Question 3
An immobile patient is at high risk for pressure ulcers.
Which nursing intervention is best to prevent pressure
injuries?
(A) Use friction-reducing devices on bedding.
(B) Reposition the patient every 2 hours.
(C) Increase protein intake in the diet.
(D) Utilize a water mattress exclusively.
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: Repositioning at least every 2 hours is a proven
method for reducing prolonged pressure on bony
prominences and preventing pressure ulcers. While other
options may help, frequent repositioning is key.
Question 4
A patient shows signs of hypovolemic shock. Which
clinical indicator is most reliable for early identification?
(A) Increased blood pressure.
, (B) Elevated heart rate.
(C) Warm, dry skin.
(D) Decreased respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: Tachycardia (elevated heart rate) is one of the
earliest signs of hypovolemia. Low blood pressure may
follow, but early detection often relies on increased heart
rate.
Question 5
A nurse is administering medications to a patient with liver
failure. Which aspect of pharmacokinetics is most affected
by impaired liver function?
(A) Absorption.
(B) Distribution.
(C) Metabolism.
(D) Excretion.
Correct Answer: (C)
Rationale: The liver is central to drug metabolism. In liver
failure, the metabolism (and therefore clearance) of many
drugs is impaired, increasing the risk of toxicity.
Question 6
When discussing treatment options with a patient, which
ethical principle requires that the patient receive all
necessary information to make an informed decision?
