Examl 3:l NSG121/l NSGl 121l (NEWl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Healthl Assessmentl Guide|l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Herzing
QUESTION
GIl changesl withl olderl adults
Answer:
▪Productionl ofl salival andl stomachl acidl isl reducedl andl gastricl motilityl andl peristalsisl
slow.l Thesel changesl canl leadl tol difficultiesl withl swallowing,l absorption,l andl digestion.
▪Mayl havel changesl inl dentitionl thatl canl affectl theirl abilityl tol chewl andl mayl resultl inl
painfull mastication.
▪Fatl accumulatesl inl thel lowerl abdomenl inl womenl andl aroundl thel waistl inl men.
▪Liverl decreasesl inl sizel andl liverl functionl declines,l makingl itl harderl forl olderl adultsl tol
processl medications.
▪Renall functionl declines,l whichl decreasesl thel abilityl tol eliminatel medications.
▪Olderl adultsl experiencesl al diminishedl sensationl ofl thirst,l whichl mayl resultl inl al lowerl
consumptionl ofl liquids,l contributingl tol urinaryl tractl infectionsl (UTIs)l andl constipation.
QUESTION
Africanl Americanl Culturall considerationsl -l GI
Answer:
Amongl Africanl Americans,l chronicl liverl diseasel isl al leadingl causel ofl death.l Africanl
Americansl havel thel highestl ratel ofl hepatitisl B.l Africanl Americanl menl arel morel thanl
twicel asl likelyl tol havel liverl andl bowell cancerl asl Caucasianl men
QUESTION
Americanl Indian/Alaskal Nativel adults,l Nativel Hawaiians,l Mexicanl Americans,l andl
Nativel Americansl -l Culturall considerationsl -l GI
,Answer:
Diabetesl andl obesity
QUESTION
Americanl Indians/Nativel Americansl -l GI
Answer:
Arel almostl threel timesl morel likelyl tol bel diagnosedl withl End-Stagel Renall Diseasel
(ESRD)—al complicationl ofl obesityl andl diabetes—thanl non-Hispanicl whites
QUESTION
Lifespanl considerationsl -l Malel genitalia
Answer:
▪Degenerationl ofl afferentl neuronsl inl thel rectall walll canl lessenl thel feelingl ofl rectall
distensionl andl interferel withl relaxationl ofl thel rectall sphincter,l resultingl inl retentionl ofl
stool.
▪Lossl ofl tonel ofl thel autonomicallyl controlledl internall sphincter,l bowell incontinencel mayl
result.
▪Testosteronel levelsl declinel withl aging,l whichl mayl affectl bothl libidol andl sexuall
function.
▪Manyl classesl ofl drugsl mayl causel erectilel dysfunction.l Thesel includel statins,l diuretics,l
beta-blockers,l alpha-blockers,l antidepressants,l andl anticonvulsants.
QUESTION
Alcoholl orl Substancel Abusel -l Riskl Factor
Answer:
Excessivel alcoholl intakel isl thel numberl one
,QUESTION
Hepatitisl A
Answer:
Transmittedl byl thel oral-fecall route,l usuallyl withinl 30l daysl ofl exposure.l Foreignl Travel:l
Havel youl traveledl to,l orl livedl in,l partsl ofl thel worldl wherel sanitationl isl lessl thanl
optimal
QUESTION
Hepatitisl B
Answer:
Transmittedl throughl contactl withl bodilyl secretionsl (i.e.,l blood,l semen,l saliva,l vaginall
fluids)l ofl infectedl people.l IVl drugl abuse.
QUESTION
Hepatitisl C
Answer:
Spreadl onlyl throughl exposurel tol anl infectedl person'sl blood.l High-riskl activitiesl include:l
Sharingl drugl usel equipment.l Anythingl involvedl withl injectingl streetl drugs,l froml
syringes,l tol needles,l tol tourniquets,l canl havel smalll amountsl ofl bloodl onl itl thatl canl
transmitl hepatitisl C.
QUESTION
Riskl Factorsl forl Testicularl Cancer
Answer:
▪Age:l highestl incidencel inl youngl menl agedl 20-34l years
, ▪Ethnicityl andl culture:l highestl incidencel amongl Caucasianl menl inl thel Unitedl Kingdoml
andl Unitedl States
▪Cryptorchidisml (undescendedl testiclel atl birth)
▪Historyl ofl testicularl cancerl inl otherl testicle
▪Familyl history:l increasedl riskl ifl brotherl hasl hadl testicularl cancer
QUESTION
Auscultationl ofl bowell sounds
Answer:
▪Auscultatel alll fourl quadrantsl forl bowell sounds.
▪Bowell soundsl arel high-pitchedl gurglesl orl clicksl thatl lastl froml onel tol severall seconds.
▪Therel arel normallyl 5-30l gurglesl perl minutel orl onel soundl everyl 5-15l secondsl inl thel
averagel adult.l Soundsl indicatel bowell motilityl andl peristalsis.
▪Listenl inl eachl quadrantl forl al fulll minute.l Ifl nol soundsl arel audible,l listenl forl upl tol 5l
minutes.
QUESTION
Absentl bowell sounds
Answer:
Nol soundl forl 5l minsl (medicall emergency)
QUESTION
hypoactivel bowell sounds
Answer:
lessl thanl 5l perl minute
QUESTION
2026l Update)l Healthl Assessmentl Guide|l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Herzing
QUESTION
GIl changesl withl olderl adults
Answer:
▪Productionl ofl salival andl stomachl acidl isl reducedl andl gastricl motilityl andl peristalsisl
slow.l Thesel changesl canl leadl tol difficultiesl withl swallowing,l absorption,l andl digestion.
▪Mayl havel changesl inl dentitionl thatl canl affectl theirl abilityl tol chewl andl mayl resultl inl
painfull mastication.
▪Fatl accumulatesl inl thel lowerl abdomenl inl womenl andl aroundl thel waistl inl men.
▪Liverl decreasesl inl sizel andl liverl functionl declines,l makingl itl harderl forl olderl adultsl tol
processl medications.
▪Renall functionl declines,l whichl decreasesl thel abilityl tol eliminatel medications.
▪Olderl adultsl experiencesl al diminishedl sensationl ofl thirst,l whichl mayl resultl inl al lowerl
consumptionl ofl liquids,l contributingl tol urinaryl tractl infectionsl (UTIs)l andl constipation.
QUESTION
Africanl Americanl Culturall considerationsl -l GI
Answer:
Amongl Africanl Americans,l chronicl liverl diseasel isl al leadingl causel ofl death.l Africanl
Americansl havel thel highestl ratel ofl hepatitisl B.l Africanl Americanl menl arel morel thanl
twicel asl likelyl tol havel liverl andl bowell cancerl asl Caucasianl men
QUESTION
Americanl Indian/Alaskal Nativel adults,l Nativel Hawaiians,l Mexicanl Americans,l andl
Nativel Americansl -l Culturall considerationsl -l GI
,Answer:
Diabetesl andl obesity
QUESTION
Americanl Indians/Nativel Americansl -l GI
Answer:
Arel almostl threel timesl morel likelyl tol bel diagnosedl withl End-Stagel Renall Diseasel
(ESRD)—al complicationl ofl obesityl andl diabetes—thanl non-Hispanicl whites
QUESTION
Lifespanl considerationsl -l Malel genitalia
Answer:
▪Degenerationl ofl afferentl neuronsl inl thel rectall walll canl lessenl thel feelingl ofl rectall
distensionl andl interferel withl relaxationl ofl thel rectall sphincter,l resultingl inl retentionl ofl
stool.
▪Lossl ofl tonel ofl thel autonomicallyl controlledl internall sphincter,l bowell incontinencel mayl
result.
▪Testosteronel levelsl declinel withl aging,l whichl mayl affectl bothl libidol andl sexuall
function.
▪Manyl classesl ofl drugsl mayl causel erectilel dysfunction.l Thesel includel statins,l diuretics,l
beta-blockers,l alpha-blockers,l antidepressants,l andl anticonvulsants.
QUESTION
Alcoholl orl Substancel Abusel -l Riskl Factor
Answer:
Excessivel alcoholl intakel isl thel numberl one
,QUESTION
Hepatitisl A
Answer:
Transmittedl byl thel oral-fecall route,l usuallyl withinl 30l daysl ofl exposure.l Foreignl Travel:l
Havel youl traveledl to,l orl livedl in,l partsl ofl thel worldl wherel sanitationl isl lessl thanl
optimal
QUESTION
Hepatitisl B
Answer:
Transmittedl throughl contactl withl bodilyl secretionsl (i.e.,l blood,l semen,l saliva,l vaginall
fluids)l ofl infectedl people.l IVl drugl abuse.
QUESTION
Hepatitisl C
Answer:
Spreadl onlyl throughl exposurel tol anl infectedl person'sl blood.l High-riskl activitiesl include:l
Sharingl drugl usel equipment.l Anythingl involvedl withl injectingl streetl drugs,l froml
syringes,l tol needles,l tol tourniquets,l canl havel smalll amountsl ofl bloodl onl itl thatl canl
transmitl hepatitisl C.
QUESTION
Riskl Factorsl forl Testicularl Cancer
Answer:
▪Age:l highestl incidencel inl youngl menl agedl 20-34l years
, ▪Ethnicityl andl culture:l highestl incidencel amongl Caucasianl menl inl thel Unitedl Kingdoml
andl Unitedl States
▪Cryptorchidisml (undescendedl testiclel atl birth)
▪Historyl ofl testicularl cancerl inl otherl testicle
▪Familyl history:l increasedl riskl ifl brotherl hasl hadl testicularl cancer
QUESTION
Auscultationl ofl bowell sounds
Answer:
▪Auscultatel alll fourl quadrantsl forl bowell sounds.
▪Bowell soundsl arel high-pitchedl gurglesl orl clicksl thatl lastl froml onel tol severall seconds.
▪Therel arel normallyl 5-30l gurglesl perl minutel orl onel soundl everyl 5-15l secondsl inl thel
averagel adult.l Soundsl indicatel bowell motilityl andl peristalsis.
▪Listenl inl eachl quadrantl forl al fulll minute.l Ifl nol soundsl arel audible,l listenl forl upl tol 5l
minutes.
QUESTION
Absentl bowell sounds
Answer:
Nol soundl forl 5l minsl (medicall emergency)
QUESTION
hypoactivel bowell sounds
Answer:
lessl thanl 5l perl minute
QUESTION
