Examl 3:l NSG121/l NSGl 121l (NEWl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Healthl Assessmentl Review|l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Herzing
QUESTION
electricall conductionl pathway
Answer:
Al smalll electricall impulsel thatl firesl inl thel sinoatriall (SA)l nodel inl thel rightl atriuml
generatesl thel normall heartbeat.
movesl throughl anl electricall pathwayl throughl thel leftl andl rightl atrial
Thel electricall impulsel causesl thel atriall musclel cellsl tol contract.
Thel impulsel pausesl brieflyl atl thel AVl junctionl tol allowl thel atrial tol contract,l travelsl
throughl thel electricall pathwaysl inl thel bundlel ofl Hisl andl bundlel branchesl inl thel leftl
andl rightl ventricles,l andl finallyl movesl tol thel Purkinjel fibersl ofl thel ventricles.
QUESTION
Thel lymphaticl systeml supportsl thel vascularl systeml by
Answer:
returningl excessl fluidl froml thel tissuesl tol thel vascularl network
QUESTION
Volumel inl thel rightl atriuml atl thel endl ofl diastolel isl called
Answer:
preload,l anl indicatorl ofl howl muchl bloodl willl bel forwardedl tol andl ejectedl froml thel
ventricles
,QUESTION
Thel heartl hasl tol pumpl againstl thel highl BPsl inl thel arteriesl andl arterioles.l Thisl
pressurel inl thel greatl vesselsl isl termed
Answer:
afterload.Afterloadl isl thel amountl ofl pressurel thel heartl hasl tol workl against,l similarl tol
thel resistancel inl thel arteriolesl withl thel BP
QUESTION
Cardiacl Outputl &l HR
Answer:
isl thel amountl ofl bloodl ejectedl froml thel leftl ventriclel eachl minute.l Inl additionl tol
strokel volume,l thel otherl factorl thatl influencesl howl muchl bloodl isl circulatedl isl heartl
rate.l Thel formulal is:
cardiacl outputl =l heartl ratel ×l strokel volume
QUESTION
Waysl tol increasel circulatingl bloodl (cardiacl output)l are
Answer:
byl increasingl heartl rate
l increasingl strokel volume,l orl both.l T
hel stressl hormonesl epinephrinel andl norepinephrinel increasel bothl heartl ratel andl strokel
volumel duringl exercise,l trauma,l orl anxiety.
QUESTION
causel ofl reducedl cardiacl outputl isl thel medicall diagnosisl of
,Answer:
heartl failure.l Inl thisl clinicall syndrome,l reducedl contractilityl causesl preloadl tol increase.l
Bloodl backsl up,l causingl congestion.l Congestionl onl thel leftl backsl bloodl intol thel lungs,l
whereasl congestionl onl thel rightl backsl bloodl intol thel body,l especiallyl thel legsl andl feet.
QUESTION
Signsl andl symptomsl ofl heartl failurel are
Answer:
shortnessl ofl breath,l weightl gain,l andl swollenl anklesl withl decreasedl cardiacl output.
QUESTION
sympatheticl nervousl system,l or
Answer:
"fight-or-flight"l reaction,l triggersl thel releasel ofl epinephrinel (adrenaline)l andl
norepinephrinel increasingl HR,l CO,l andl BP
QUESTION
Baroreceptorsl inl thel aorticl archl andl carotidl sinusl regulate
Answer:
regulatel heartl rate
QUESTION
Chemoreceptorsl inl thel aorticl archl andl carotidl bodyl sensel thel body's
Answer:
pH,l carbonl dioxide,l andl oxygenl levels.
, QUESTION
Thel parasympatheticl division,l or
Answer:
"rest-and-digest"l reaction,l triggersl al decreasedl heartl ratel byl stimulatingl thel vagusl nervel
thatl innervatesl thel SAl nodel tol slowl thel naturall pacemaker.
QUESTION
Thel lymphaticl systeml consists
Answer:
ofl thel lymphl nodesl andl lymphaticl vesselsl asl welll asl thel spleen,l tonsils,l andl thymus
QUESTION
rolel ofl thel lymphaticl system
Answer:
maintainsl fluidl andl proteinl balancel andl functionsl withl thel immunel systeml tol fightl
infection
QUESTION
Thel lymphaticl vesselsl carry
Answer:
lymphl inl thel tissuesl backl tol thel bloodstream
2026l Update)l Healthl Assessmentl Review|l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Herzing
QUESTION
electricall conductionl pathway
Answer:
Al smalll electricall impulsel thatl firesl inl thel sinoatriall (SA)l nodel inl thel rightl atriuml
generatesl thel normall heartbeat.
movesl throughl anl electricall pathwayl throughl thel leftl andl rightl atrial
Thel electricall impulsel causesl thel atriall musclel cellsl tol contract.
Thel impulsel pausesl brieflyl atl thel AVl junctionl tol allowl thel atrial tol contract,l travelsl
throughl thel electricall pathwaysl inl thel bundlel ofl Hisl andl bundlel branchesl inl thel leftl
andl rightl ventricles,l andl finallyl movesl tol thel Purkinjel fibersl ofl thel ventricles.
QUESTION
Thel lymphaticl systeml supportsl thel vascularl systeml by
Answer:
returningl excessl fluidl froml thel tissuesl tol thel vascularl network
QUESTION
Volumel inl thel rightl atriuml atl thel endl ofl diastolel isl called
Answer:
preload,l anl indicatorl ofl howl muchl bloodl willl bel forwardedl tol andl ejectedl froml thel
ventricles
,QUESTION
Thel heartl hasl tol pumpl againstl thel highl BPsl inl thel arteriesl andl arterioles.l Thisl
pressurel inl thel greatl vesselsl isl termed
Answer:
afterload.Afterloadl isl thel amountl ofl pressurel thel heartl hasl tol workl against,l similarl tol
thel resistancel inl thel arteriolesl withl thel BP
QUESTION
Cardiacl Outputl &l HR
Answer:
isl thel amountl ofl bloodl ejectedl froml thel leftl ventriclel eachl minute.l Inl additionl tol
strokel volume,l thel otherl factorl thatl influencesl howl muchl bloodl isl circulatedl isl heartl
rate.l Thel formulal is:
cardiacl outputl =l heartl ratel ×l strokel volume
QUESTION
Waysl tol increasel circulatingl bloodl (cardiacl output)l are
Answer:
byl increasingl heartl rate
l increasingl strokel volume,l orl both.l T
hel stressl hormonesl epinephrinel andl norepinephrinel increasel bothl heartl ratel andl strokel
volumel duringl exercise,l trauma,l orl anxiety.
QUESTION
causel ofl reducedl cardiacl outputl isl thel medicall diagnosisl of
,Answer:
heartl failure.l Inl thisl clinicall syndrome,l reducedl contractilityl causesl preloadl tol increase.l
Bloodl backsl up,l causingl congestion.l Congestionl onl thel leftl backsl bloodl intol thel lungs,l
whereasl congestionl onl thel rightl backsl bloodl intol thel body,l especiallyl thel legsl andl feet.
QUESTION
Signsl andl symptomsl ofl heartl failurel are
Answer:
shortnessl ofl breath,l weightl gain,l andl swollenl anklesl withl decreasedl cardiacl output.
QUESTION
sympatheticl nervousl system,l or
Answer:
"fight-or-flight"l reaction,l triggersl thel releasel ofl epinephrinel (adrenaline)l andl
norepinephrinel increasingl HR,l CO,l andl BP
QUESTION
Baroreceptorsl inl thel aorticl archl andl carotidl sinusl regulate
Answer:
regulatel heartl rate
QUESTION
Chemoreceptorsl inl thel aorticl archl andl carotidl bodyl sensel thel body's
Answer:
pH,l carbonl dioxide,l andl oxygenl levels.
, QUESTION
Thel parasympatheticl division,l or
Answer:
"rest-and-digest"l reaction,l triggersl al decreasedl heartl ratel byl stimulatingl thel vagusl nervel
thatl innervatesl thel SAl nodel tol slowl thel naturall pacemaker.
QUESTION
Thel lymphaticl systeml consists
Answer:
ofl thel lymphl nodesl andl lymphaticl vesselsl asl welll asl thel spleen,l tonsils,l andl thymus
QUESTION
rolel ofl thel lymphaticl system
Answer:
maintainsl fluidl andl proteinl balancel andl functionsl withl thel immunel systeml tol fightl
infection
QUESTION
Thel lymphaticl vesselsl carry
Answer:
lymphl inl thel tissuesl backl tol thel bloodstream
