CHEM 103 Module 5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjhb0p
1. What is a bond? A bond is composed of a group of negatively-charged valence electrons between
the atoms that is simultaneously attracted by the positively-charged nuclei of both
atoms.
- Atoms bond because they are more stable together, since the energy is released
in the bond-forming exothermic reaction.
2. What is an ionic A bond formed by electron transfer (simultaneous loss and gain of electrons to
bond? form oppositely charged ions), these oppositely charged ions then attract one
another.
3. What is a cova- A bond formed by an electron sharing where two atom nuclei attract the same
lent bond? group of electrons, thus remaining bonded to one another.
4. What is the octet Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve eight electrons in
rule? their outer shell.
- Hydrogen is the exception as it only needs two electrons to complete its outer
shell.
5. What is a polar Unequal sharing of electrons since the electronegativities differ significantly giving
covalent bond? an electronegativity difference between 1.6-0.5
6. What is a non equal sharing of electrons since the electronegativities are nearly equal with a
polar covalent difference less than 0.5
bond?
7. What are the 1. Determine the total number of valence electrons for the molecule by summing
steps for drawing the number of valence electrons for the atoms.
a lewis structure? 2. Position the atoms with the least electronegative atom in the centre and place
the less electronegative atoms around the centre atom. Always place the H atoms
on the outside of the structure (and on an oxygen atom if present)
3. Put the electrons between each set of atoms to form a bond
4. Position the rest of the valence electrons around the outside of the outer atoms
to complete the octets for those atoms (except H)
1/5
, CHEM 103 Module 5
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5. If there are any electrons left over, position them on the central atom to complete
its octet. IF the central atom still doesn't have an octet, move sets of electrons from
the outside of the other atoms to between the central atom and the outer atom to
create a multiple bond..
8. What is Va- When atoms in molecules share electrons to form bonds, these pairs of valence
lence Shell Elec- electrons repel each other (because they're negatively charged) and move as far
tron-Pair Repul- away from one another as possible.
sion (VSEPR)
9. What is a tetra- Any central atom with four surrounding groups of electrons will arrange those
hedral electron groups of electrons at the corner of a tetrahedron (a pyramid with a triangular
geometry? base)
10. What is a trian- Any central atom with 3 surrounding groups of electrons will arrange those groups
gular planar elec- of electrons at the corners of a triangle
tron geometry?
11. What is a linear Any central atom with two surrounding groups of electrons will arrange those
electron geome- groups of electrons on a straight line. So a molecule like this is said to have linear
try? EG.
12. What can be the - Tetrahedral
shapes of a tetra- - Triangular Pyramid
hedral EG mole- - Bent
cules?
13. What are the - Trigonal Planar
shapes of a trig- - Bent
onal planar EG
molecule?
14.
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjhb0p
1. What is a bond? A bond is composed of a group of negatively-charged valence electrons between
the atoms that is simultaneously attracted by the positively-charged nuclei of both
atoms.
- Atoms bond because they are more stable together, since the energy is released
in the bond-forming exothermic reaction.
2. What is an ionic A bond formed by electron transfer (simultaneous loss and gain of electrons to
bond? form oppositely charged ions), these oppositely charged ions then attract one
another.
3. What is a cova- A bond formed by an electron sharing where two atom nuclei attract the same
lent bond? group of electrons, thus remaining bonded to one another.
4. What is the octet Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve eight electrons in
rule? their outer shell.
- Hydrogen is the exception as it only needs two electrons to complete its outer
shell.
5. What is a polar Unequal sharing of electrons since the electronegativities differ significantly giving
covalent bond? an electronegativity difference between 1.6-0.5
6. What is a non equal sharing of electrons since the electronegativities are nearly equal with a
polar covalent difference less than 0.5
bond?
7. What are the 1. Determine the total number of valence electrons for the molecule by summing
steps for drawing the number of valence electrons for the atoms.
a lewis structure? 2. Position the atoms with the least electronegative atom in the centre and place
the less electronegative atoms around the centre atom. Always place the H atoms
on the outside of the structure (and on an oxygen atom if present)
3. Put the electrons between each set of atoms to form a bond
4. Position the rest of the valence electrons around the outside of the outer atoms
to complete the octets for those atoms (except H)
1/5
, CHEM 103 Module 5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjhb0p
5. If there are any electrons left over, position them on the central atom to complete
its octet. IF the central atom still doesn't have an octet, move sets of electrons from
the outside of the other atoms to between the central atom and the outer atom to
create a multiple bond..
8. What is Va- When atoms in molecules share electrons to form bonds, these pairs of valence
lence Shell Elec- electrons repel each other (because they're negatively charged) and move as far
tron-Pair Repul- away from one another as possible.
sion (VSEPR)
9. What is a tetra- Any central atom with four surrounding groups of electrons will arrange those
hedral electron groups of electrons at the corner of a tetrahedron (a pyramid with a triangular
geometry? base)
10. What is a trian- Any central atom with 3 surrounding groups of electrons will arrange those groups
gular planar elec- of electrons at the corners of a triangle
tron geometry?
11. What is a linear Any central atom with two surrounding groups of electrons will arrange those
electron geome- groups of electrons on a straight line. So a molecule like this is said to have linear
try? EG.
12. What can be the - Tetrahedral
shapes of a tetra- - Triangular Pyramid
hedral EG mole- - Bent
cules?
13. What are the - Trigonal Planar
shapes of a trig- - Bent
onal planar EG
molecule?
14.
2/5
