Surgical Tech Cumulative Chapter 1,2,7,8.
Comprehensive Exam Study Guide
2025/2026.
100% Verified Study Guide.
What war help shed light to the profession of surgical technologist? ans- WWII
Why was there a need for surgical technologist after WWII? ans- Injured soldiers
What association was developed during the Korean War? ans- Association of Operating
Room Technicians (AORT)
In 1968 the Association of Operating Room Nurses developed what? ans- Association of
Operating Room Technicians
What year was the first certification exam administered? ans- 1970
In 1973 the AORT became what? ans- AST
What is the difference between certification and licensed? ans- Certification is voluntary and
licensed is required for the job.
Who is the AST certified through? ans- NBSTSA
What is the scrub role (STSR)? ans- 1. Sterile team
2. Scrubbed/gowned/gloved
3. Delivers direct surgical care
4. Protects and maintains a sterile field
What is the circulator/assistant role? ans- 1. Nonsterile team
2. Shares some responsibilities as an RN
3. Deliever/prepare nonsterile equipment
4. Perform pre-surgical duties
American Medical Association (AMA) ans- Professional physician organization that focuses
its efforts on professional and public health issues.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ans- National organization that establishes
recognized standards that directly impact businesses and professions in nearly every sector,
including health care.
Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) ans- professional
organization that represents an international alliance of members to increase the
understanding and use of medical instrumentation through effective standards.
Association of peri-Operative Registered Nurses (AORN) ans- professional organization of
OR nurses dedicated to the improvement of patient care by elevating educational standards
and practice for surgical nurses.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ans- U.S. government organization under
the federal department of health and human services dedicated to protecting the health of
individuals through research and control of disease.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ans- Agency of the federal government of the
United states charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and
enforcing regulations based on laws passed by congress.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ans- agency of the U.S. Department of Health and
Human services responsible for promoting public health through the regulation of food
safety, tobacco products, medications, blood transfusions, medical devices and cosmetics.
,Surgical Tech Cumulative Chapter 1,2,7,8.
Comprehensive Exam Study Guide
2025/2026.
100% Verified Study Guide.
International Association of Healthcare Central Service Material Management. (AHCSMM)
ans- professional association that represents central sterile supply technicians and advances
quality in central sterile supply.
CRCST ans- gives the exam to central sterile supply
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (OSHA) ans- agency of the US. Department
of Labor: dedicated to prevention work-related injuries, illnesses, and occupational fatalities
by issuing and enforcing standards for workplace safety and health.
World Health Organization. (WHO) ans- a division of the US that promotes health activities
worldwide.
Association of Surgical Technologist. (AST) ans- core curriculum in surgical technology
National Board for Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting. (NBSTSA) ans- The
organization reviews and accredits surgical technology programs upon recommendation of
the ARC/STSA. They give the EXAM.
Accreditation Review Council on Education in Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting.
(ARC/STSA) ans- this organization reviews surgical technology education programs to
determine adherence to the CAAHEP standards as well as to the AST. Directly oversees
academic accreditation for the field of surgical technology.
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) ans- This
organization reviews and accredits surgical technology programs upon recommendation of
the ARC/STSA
A preferred provider organization (PPO) ans- is a collection of private practice donors, labs,
patient care facilities, and hospitals that contract with insurance companies and receive an
agreed set rate for their services. Pt has more control over their own medical needs and
doesn't need a referral.
A health maintenance organization (HMO) ans- is a collection of hospitals, health
professionals, and doctors who work for a set fee. The HMO may require the patient to use a
primary care physician for all referrals.
Ambulatory surgical centers. ans- free-standing specialty centers, doctors offices, doctors'
clinics and labor and delivery units.
Surgical Conscience. ans- 1: an ST must be willing to accept responsibility for his/her own
actions and be willing to be held liable for those actions.
2: The ST must be committed to maintaining the confidentiality of patient information.
3: A surgical conscience dictates nondiscriminatory treatment of all patients.
4: Modern medicine is very expensive and both the patient and the hospitals should be
committed to cost control.
5: A surgical conscience is rooted in the fundamental understanding of the principles of
asepsis and commitment to practice sterile technique. The most important one.
Preoperative ans- The preoperative case management phase occurs prior to initiation
(creation of a incision or insertion of a endoscope) of a surgical procedure.
Intraoperative. ans- Occurs while the surgical procedure is being performed.
, Surgical Tech Cumulative Chapter 1,2,7,8.
Comprehensive Exam Study Guide
2025/2026.
100% Verified Study Guide.
postoperative ans- when the surgical procedure is terminated (application of the sterile
dressing or extraction of the endoscope)
When was the first exam given and certification over licensure? ans- in 1970 by the AORT
board of directors and advisory committee.
when did LCC-ST change its name to National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical
Assisisting (NBSTSA)? ans- in 2006
Emergent ans- Surgical pathology threatening life or limb within a relatively short time
period (ruptured aneurysm or AAA)
Urgent ans- Surgical pathology requiring treatment within a relatively short period of time (
enraptured ectopic pregnancy with stable v/s)
Elective ans- surgical intervention that does not have to be performed immediately or within
a short period of time.(torn meniscus)
Optional ans- surgical intervention that does not have to be performed in order to preserve
life or function. (ryhtidectomy)
Cuneiform script ans- first anatomical description of human organs tablets from Nineveh
Imhotep ans- Egyptian physician( divine) wrote early book on surgery
Code of Hammurabi ans- Medical practices of the day described.
Galen ans- first anatomist: controlled thought biology made to serve theology.
Pare ans- greatest surgeon of 16th century. began to ligate arteries after amputations.
Vesalius ans- Father of modern anatomy. Challenged Galen. performed autopsy on cadavers
used illustrations.
Pasteur ans- Father of Microbiology, virology and immunology.
Lister ans- Developed technique for antiseptic surgery.
Cushings ans- Father of neurosurgery. reduced mortality rate for meningiomas from 96% to
5%
Cooley ans- performed first heart transplant and total artificial heart implant
DeBakey ans- Developed first ventricular assist pump.
Stanley Prusiner ans- discovered prions
Dmitri Lwanowski ans- discovered viruses
Linnaeus ans- categorized living organisms
Jenner ans- discovered smallpox vaccine
Laurente de Jessieu ans- categorized plants
Leopold Cuvier ans- categorized animals
Haechel ans- categorized bacteria
Copeland ans- categorized protozoa
Whitaker ans- categorized Fungi and named the 5 kingdoms (animals, plants, fungi, monera
and Protista)
Symbiosis ans- relationship between the human and its resident microflora
Mutualism ans- both organisms benefit (i.e. E. coli in the intestine produces Vitamin K)
Commensalism ans- one organisms benefits and the other is not effected (ex. Microflora on
skin)
Comprehensive Exam Study Guide
2025/2026.
100% Verified Study Guide.
What war help shed light to the profession of surgical technologist? ans- WWII
Why was there a need for surgical technologist after WWII? ans- Injured soldiers
What association was developed during the Korean War? ans- Association of Operating
Room Technicians (AORT)
In 1968 the Association of Operating Room Nurses developed what? ans- Association of
Operating Room Technicians
What year was the first certification exam administered? ans- 1970
In 1973 the AORT became what? ans- AST
What is the difference between certification and licensed? ans- Certification is voluntary and
licensed is required for the job.
Who is the AST certified through? ans- NBSTSA
What is the scrub role (STSR)? ans- 1. Sterile team
2. Scrubbed/gowned/gloved
3. Delivers direct surgical care
4. Protects and maintains a sterile field
What is the circulator/assistant role? ans- 1. Nonsterile team
2. Shares some responsibilities as an RN
3. Deliever/prepare nonsterile equipment
4. Perform pre-surgical duties
American Medical Association (AMA) ans- Professional physician organization that focuses
its efforts on professional and public health issues.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ans- National organization that establishes
recognized standards that directly impact businesses and professions in nearly every sector,
including health care.
Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) ans- professional
organization that represents an international alliance of members to increase the
understanding and use of medical instrumentation through effective standards.
Association of peri-Operative Registered Nurses (AORN) ans- professional organization of
OR nurses dedicated to the improvement of patient care by elevating educational standards
and practice for surgical nurses.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ans- U.S. government organization under
the federal department of health and human services dedicated to protecting the health of
individuals through research and control of disease.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ans- Agency of the federal government of the
United states charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and
enforcing regulations based on laws passed by congress.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ans- agency of the U.S. Department of Health and
Human services responsible for promoting public health through the regulation of food
safety, tobacco products, medications, blood transfusions, medical devices and cosmetics.
,Surgical Tech Cumulative Chapter 1,2,7,8.
Comprehensive Exam Study Guide
2025/2026.
100% Verified Study Guide.
International Association of Healthcare Central Service Material Management. (AHCSMM)
ans- professional association that represents central sterile supply technicians and advances
quality in central sterile supply.
CRCST ans- gives the exam to central sterile supply
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (OSHA) ans- agency of the US. Department
of Labor: dedicated to prevention work-related injuries, illnesses, and occupational fatalities
by issuing and enforcing standards for workplace safety and health.
World Health Organization. (WHO) ans- a division of the US that promotes health activities
worldwide.
Association of Surgical Technologist. (AST) ans- core curriculum in surgical technology
National Board for Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting. (NBSTSA) ans- The
organization reviews and accredits surgical technology programs upon recommendation of
the ARC/STSA. They give the EXAM.
Accreditation Review Council on Education in Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting.
(ARC/STSA) ans- this organization reviews surgical technology education programs to
determine adherence to the CAAHEP standards as well as to the AST. Directly oversees
academic accreditation for the field of surgical technology.
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) ans- This
organization reviews and accredits surgical technology programs upon recommendation of
the ARC/STSA
A preferred provider organization (PPO) ans- is a collection of private practice donors, labs,
patient care facilities, and hospitals that contract with insurance companies and receive an
agreed set rate for their services. Pt has more control over their own medical needs and
doesn't need a referral.
A health maintenance organization (HMO) ans- is a collection of hospitals, health
professionals, and doctors who work for a set fee. The HMO may require the patient to use a
primary care physician for all referrals.
Ambulatory surgical centers. ans- free-standing specialty centers, doctors offices, doctors'
clinics and labor and delivery units.
Surgical Conscience. ans- 1: an ST must be willing to accept responsibility for his/her own
actions and be willing to be held liable for those actions.
2: The ST must be committed to maintaining the confidentiality of patient information.
3: A surgical conscience dictates nondiscriminatory treatment of all patients.
4: Modern medicine is very expensive and both the patient and the hospitals should be
committed to cost control.
5: A surgical conscience is rooted in the fundamental understanding of the principles of
asepsis and commitment to practice sterile technique. The most important one.
Preoperative ans- The preoperative case management phase occurs prior to initiation
(creation of a incision or insertion of a endoscope) of a surgical procedure.
Intraoperative. ans- Occurs while the surgical procedure is being performed.
, Surgical Tech Cumulative Chapter 1,2,7,8.
Comprehensive Exam Study Guide
2025/2026.
100% Verified Study Guide.
postoperative ans- when the surgical procedure is terminated (application of the sterile
dressing or extraction of the endoscope)
When was the first exam given and certification over licensure? ans- in 1970 by the AORT
board of directors and advisory committee.
when did LCC-ST change its name to National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical
Assisisting (NBSTSA)? ans- in 2006
Emergent ans- Surgical pathology threatening life or limb within a relatively short time
period (ruptured aneurysm or AAA)
Urgent ans- Surgical pathology requiring treatment within a relatively short period of time (
enraptured ectopic pregnancy with stable v/s)
Elective ans- surgical intervention that does not have to be performed immediately or within
a short period of time.(torn meniscus)
Optional ans- surgical intervention that does not have to be performed in order to preserve
life or function. (ryhtidectomy)
Cuneiform script ans- first anatomical description of human organs tablets from Nineveh
Imhotep ans- Egyptian physician( divine) wrote early book on surgery
Code of Hammurabi ans- Medical practices of the day described.
Galen ans- first anatomist: controlled thought biology made to serve theology.
Pare ans- greatest surgeon of 16th century. began to ligate arteries after amputations.
Vesalius ans- Father of modern anatomy. Challenged Galen. performed autopsy on cadavers
used illustrations.
Pasteur ans- Father of Microbiology, virology and immunology.
Lister ans- Developed technique for antiseptic surgery.
Cushings ans- Father of neurosurgery. reduced mortality rate for meningiomas from 96% to
5%
Cooley ans- performed first heart transplant and total artificial heart implant
DeBakey ans- Developed first ventricular assist pump.
Stanley Prusiner ans- discovered prions
Dmitri Lwanowski ans- discovered viruses
Linnaeus ans- categorized living organisms
Jenner ans- discovered smallpox vaccine
Laurente de Jessieu ans- categorized plants
Leopold Cuvier ans- categorized animals
Haechel ans- categorized bacteria
Copeland ans- categorized protozoa
Whitaker ans- categorized Fungi and named the 5 kingdoms (animals, plants, fungi, monera
and Protista)
Symbiosis ans- relationship between the human and its resident microflora
Mutualism ans- both organisms benefit (i.e. E. coli in the intestine produces Vitamin K)
Commensalism ans- one organisms benefits and the other is not effected (ex. Microflora on
skin)
