34 1 The.
sequence of bases in mRNA specifies the order of amino acids in a protein
Translation -
process by which a molecule of mRNA is used to guide the synthesis of protein
>
-
mRNA read by nibosomes + +RNA to direct protein synthesis
·
mRNA on bottom , newly-synthesized protein on top
Ribosomes· Ribosomes =
site of protein Synthesis organize process of translation
,
+ "read"
mRNA's nucleotide catalyze reaction that joins amino acids into protein
sequence -
>
·
made up rRNA proteins small subunit >
-
large subunit binds +RNA molecules
of >
large
+ -
+
>
- each made up by 1-3 types ofRNA +
20-50 types of
ribosomal proteins Eukaryotes :
-
okaryotes :
eukaryotic ribosomes transcription -translation occurs as soon
·
=
larger than prokaryotic ribosomes +
translation =
·
Ribosomes ensure mRNA is read in codons physically separated by as mRNA comes off DNA
ocodons -
non-overlapping groups of 3 adjacent nucleotides nuclear envelope template (as transcription
that code for 1 protein >
-
I codon (3 nucleotides) code for 1 amino acid continues)
>
-
reading frames -
different ways of parsing nucleotide sequences into codons
·
translation into proper protein only occurs if translated into proper reading frame
tRNA +RNA translates each codon into lamino acid
·
>
- acts a bridge
-
one end of tRNA binds to mRNA other end attached to amino acid
,
ribosome holds all required components in place +
catalyzes reaction
+RNA small RNA molecule >
-
only To-g0 nucleotides
·
=
base of structure Anticodon part of tRNA molecule consisting of 3 nucleotides that undergo base pairing with
corresponding
· = -
codon in mRNA
5' codon base in mRNA pairs with 31 anticodon base in tRNA
·
>
- because nucleic acid base pairings must run antiparallel
>
-
other end of tRNA carries corresponding amino acid to codon
aminoacyl +RNA synthetases attach specific amino acids specific tRNA molecules enzymes for actually translating
·
to >
- =
directly responsible
codon to amino acid
>
-
generally , 1 aminoacyl +RNA synthetase per 1 amino acid
34 . 2 The genetic code specifies codons in mRNA and their
corresponding amino acids
·
genetic code-relationship between 3 nucleotides in a codon +
the amino acid it specifies
Genetic ·
More codons than amino acids >
-
many aminos :
specified by more thanI codon
code
>
-
genetic code =
"redundant" >
- "Standard" genetic code
Initiation codon coded by AUG Camino acid
·
>
-
codon at which translation starts >
- =
Met)
sequence of bases in mRNA specifies the order of amino acids in a protein
Translation -
process by which a molecule of mRNA is used to guide the synthesis of protein
>
-
mRNA read by nibosomes + +RNA to direct protein synthesis
·
mRNA on bottom , newly-synthesized protein on top
Ribosomes· Ribosomes =
site of protein Synthesis organize process of translation
,
+ "read"
mRNA's nucleotide catalyze reaction that joins amino acids into protein
sequence -
>
·
made up rRNA proteins small subunit >
-
large subunit binds +RNA molecules
of >
large
+ -
+
>
- each made up by 1-3 types ofRNA +
20-50 types of
ribosomal proteins Eukaryotes :
-
okaryotes :
eukaryotic ribosomes transcription -translation occurs as soon
·
=
larger than prokaryotic ribosomes +
translation =
·
Ribosomes ensure mRNA is read in codons physically separated by as mRNA comes off DNA
ocodons -
non-overlapping groups of 3 adjacent nucleotides nuclear envelope template (as transcription
that code for 1 protein >
-
I codon (3 nucleotides) code for 1 amino acid continues)
>
-
reading frames -
different ways of parsing nucleotide sequences into codons
·
translation into proper protein only occurs if translated into proper reading frame
tRNA +RNA translates each codon into lamino acid
·
>
- acts a bridge
-
one end of tRNA binds to mRNA other end attached to amino acid
,
ribosome holds all required components in place +
catalyzes reaction
+RNA small RNA molecule >
-
only To-g0 nucleotides
·
=
base of structure Anticodon part of tRNA molecule consisting of 3 nucleotides that undergo base pairing with
corresponding
· = -
codon in mRNA
5' codon base in mRNA pairs with 31 anticodon base in tRNA
·
>
- because nucleic acid base pairings must run antiparallel
>
-
other end of tRNA carries corresponding amino acid to codon
aminoacyl +RNA synthetases attach specific amino acids specific tRNA molecules enzymes for actually translating
·
to >
- =
directly responsible
codon to amino acid
>
-
generally , 1 aminoacyl +RNA synthetase per 1 amino acid
34 . 2 The genetic code specifies codons in mRNA and their
corresponding amino acids
·
genetic code-relationship between 3 nucleotides in a codon +
the amino acid it specifies
Genetic ·
More codons than amino acids >
-
many aminos :
specified by more thanI codon
code
>
-
genetic code =
"redundant" >
- "Standard" genetic code
Initiation codon coded by AUG Camino acid
·
>
-
codon at which translation starts >
- =
Met)
